Formal formality of the hypercommutative algebras of low dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties (Q2447600)

The article under review establishes that the truncation of the homotopy hy\-per\-commu\-ta\-ti\-ve algebra structure on the cohomology of a low dimensional Calabi-Yau variety does not lose an information. This is accomplished by the means of the theory of operads. An arbitrary quadratic presentation of an operad \(\mathcal{O}\) is associated with a Koszul dual co-operad \(\mathcal{O}^{i}\), co-generated by the shifted generators of \(\mathcal{O}\). There is a canonical map of \({\mathbb S}\)-modules \(\kappa : \mathcal{O}^{i} \rightarrow \mathcal{O}\), inducing a map of operads \(\kappa ' : \Omega \mathcal{O}^{i} \rightarrow \mathcal{O}\) from the image \(\Omega \mathcal{O}^{i}\) of \(\mathcal{O}^{i}\) under the co-bar functor \(\Omega\). If \(\kappa '\) induces an isomorphism on the homology, \(\mathcal{O}\) is said to have a Koszul presentation, the \(\Omega \mathcal{O}^{i}\)-algebras are called homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebras and the elements of \(\mathcal{O}^{i}\), belonging to the kernel of \(\kappa ': \Omega \mathcal{O}^{i} \rightarrow \mathcal{O}\) are designated as higher homotopy operations. Let \(M\) be a Calabi-Yau variety with non-vanishing holomorphic volume form \(\Omega\), \(B\) be the bi-graded complex \(\Gamma ( \bigwedge \overline{T^*} M \otimes \bigwedge TM)\) with differential \(d = \overline{\partial} \otimes \text{id}\) and \(H\) be the cohomology of \(B\). The contraction with \(\Omega\) induces an isomorphism of \(B\) with the co-chain complex of the complex forms on \(M\) with differential \(\overline{\partial}\). The operator \(\partial\) on \(\Omega ^* M\) gives rise to a \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-operator \(\Delta\) on \(B\) and turns \(B\) into a \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-algebra. The choice of harmonic representatives of the cohomology classes provides a \({\mathbb C}\)-linear embedding \(i : H \rightarrow B\). If \(e_i\) is an orthonormal basis of \(H\), consisting of harmonic forms and if \(*\) is the Hodge star then the map \(\pi : B \rightarrow H\), \(\pi (\omega) = \left( \int _M \omega \bigwedge * e_i \right) [e_i]\) is a projection with \(\pi i = \text{id} _H\). Let \(G\) be the inverse of the Laplacian on the orthogonal complement of the harmonic forms. Then \(h := \overline{\partial}^* G = G \overline{\partial}^* : B \rightarrow B\) is shown to be a chain homotopy with \(dh + hd = \text{id} _B - i \pi\) and \(hi = h^2 = \pi h =0\). The triple \((i, \pi, h)\) is called a linear transfer data of \(B\). If an operad \(\mathcal{O}\) is endowed with a Koszul presentation and \((i, \pi, h)\) is a linear transfer data for \(B\) then there is a transferred homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebra structure on \(H\), extending the \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebra structure, induced by \(B\). Here \(i\) is the first term of a homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\) quasi-isomorphism from \(H\) to \(B\). Moreover, if \(\mathcal{O}\) has no internal differential then the homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebra structure on \(H\) can be truncated to the strict \(\mathcal{O}\)-algebra structure on \(H\) by forgetting all higher homotopy operations and choosing arbitrary representatives of the operations of \(\mathcal{O}\) in \(\Omega \mathcal{O}^{i}\). A homotopy \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-structure is strongly trivialized if any generator, containing a vertex decorated by \(\Delta\) acts as zero. A strongly trivialized homotopy \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-structure on a co-chain complex induces a homotopy \(\mathcal{H}y\)-structure on that complex. A homotopy \(\mathcal{H} y\)-algebra is said to be obviously formal if any generator, containing at least two vertices decorated by the product has zero action. The homotopy \(\mathcal{H}y\)-algebras, isomorphic to some obviously formal one are called formal. The main result of the paper is the formality of the induced homotopy \(\mathcal{H}y\)-algebra structure on the cohomology \(H\) of the \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-algebra \(B = \Gamma ( \bigwedge \overline{T^*} M \otimes \bigwedge TM)\) for a low dimensional Calabi-Yau variety \(M\). More precisely, the aforementioned statement is shown to hold for \(\dim _{\mathbb C} M = 2\), \(3\) or \(\dim _{\mathbb C} M = 4\) and \(h^{i,j} (M) =0\) for \(j \not \in \{ i, 4-i \}\), \(h^{0,0} (M) = h^{4,4}(M)=1\). This follows from the fact that the product is the only non-zero operation with output in bi-degree \((n,n)\) for \(n = \dim _{\mathbb C} M\). On the other hand, any higher homotopy \(\mathcal{H}y\)-operation \(H^{\otimes k} \rightarrow H\) on a transferred Calabi-Yau \(\mathcal{B}\mathcal{V}\)-algebra turns to be of bi-degree \((-l, -k+2)\) for \(0 \leq l \leq k-2\), while the \(\mathcal{H}y\)-operations on the strict truncation are of bi-degree \((-k+2, -k+2)\).