Existence of periodic solutions for a damped vibration problem with \((q,p)\)-Laplacian (Q2448498)

This article is devoted to the following nonlinear dynamical system \[ \frac{d}{dt} (|\dot{u}_1(t)|^{q-2}\dot{u}_1(t))+g(t)|\dot{u}_1(t)|^{q-2}\dot{u}_1(t)=\nabla_{u_1}F(t,u_1(t),u_2(t)) \text{ for }\; a.e. \, t\in [0,T], \] \[ \frac{d}{dt} (|\dot{u}_2(t)|^{q-2}\dot{u}_2(t))+g(t)|\dot{u}_2(t)|^{q-2}\dot{u}_2(t)=\nabla_{u_2}F(t,u_1(t),u_2(t))\text{ for } \; a.e.\; t\in [0,T], \eqno(1.1) \] \[ u_1(0)-u_1(T)=\dot{u}_1(0)-\dot{u}_1(T)=0, \] \[ u_2(0)-u_2(T)=\dot{u}_2(0)-\dot{u}_2(T)=0, \] where \[ u(t)=(u_1(t),u_2(t))=(u_1^1(t),\ldots,u_1^N(t),u_2^1(t),\ldots,u_2^N(t)), \] \(1<p<\infty, 1<q<\infty, T>0, g\in L^\infty(0,T;\mathbb R), G(t)=\int_0^t g(s)\,ds, G(T)=0\) and \(F:[0,T]\times \mathbb R^N\times \mathbb R^N\to \mathbb R\) satisfies the following assumption: (A) \(F(t,x)\) is measurable in \(t\) for every \(x=(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb R^N\times \mathbb R^N\) and continuously differentiable in \(x\) for a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\), and there exist \(a_1,a_2\in C(\mathbb R^+, \mathbb R^+)\) and \(b\in L^1(0,T; \mathbb R^+)\) such that \[ |F(t,x_1,x_2)|, |\nabla_{x_1}F(t,x_1,x_2)|, |\nabla_{x_2}F(t,x_1,x_2)|\leq [a_1(|x_1|)+a_2(|x_2|)] b(t) \] for all \((x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb R^N\times \mathbb R^N\) and a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\). Moreover, the authors also consider the following \(p\)-Laplacian system \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} (|\dot{u}(t)|^{p-2}\dot{u}(t))+g(t)|\dot{u}(t)|^{p-2}\dot{u}(t)& =\nabla F(t,u(t)) \text{ for } \quad a.e. \;t\in [0,T],\\ u(0)-u(T)& =\dot{u}(0)-\dot{u}(T)=0, \end{aligned}\eqno(1.2) \] where \(u\in \mathbb R^N, 1<p<\infty, T>0, g\in L^\infty(0,T; \mathbb R), G(t)=\int_0^t g(s)\,ds, G(T)=0\) and \(F:[0,T]\times \mathbb R^N\to \mathbb R\) satisfies the following assumption: (A') \(F(t,x)\) is measurable in \(t\) for every \(x\in \mathbb R^N\) and continuously differentiable in \(x\) for a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\), and there exist \(a\in C(\mathbb R^+, \mathbb R^+)\) and \(b\in L^1(0,T; \mathbb R^+)\) such that \[ |F(t,x)|, |\nabla F(t,x)|\leq a(|x|)b(t) \] for all \(x\in \mathbb R^N\) and a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\). We denote \( W_T^{1,p}=\{ u: \mathbb R\to \mathbb R^N |\; u \text{ is absolutely continuous, }u(0)=u(T)\text{ and } \dot{u}\in L^p(0,T) \} \) with the norm defined by \[ \|u\|_{W_T^{1,p}}=\left( \int_0^T e^{G(t)}|u(t)|^p\,dt+\int_0^T e^{G(t)}|\dot{u}(t)|^p\,dt \right)^{\frac{1}{p}}. \] The authors state the following main results. { Theorem 1.1} Assume the following condition holds: \((F_1)\) \[ \qquad \liminf\limits_{\sqrt{|x_1|^2+|x_2|^2}\to\infty} \frac{F(t,x_1,x_2)}{|x_1|^q+|x_2|^p}>0 \quad \text{ uniformly for }\, a.e. \;t\in[0,T]. \] Then system (1.1) has at least one solution in \(W_T^{1,q}\times W_T^{1,p}\). Let \(q',p'\) be such that \(\frac{1}{q}+\frac{1}{q'}=1, \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{p'}=1\). Furthermore, if the following condition also holds: \((F_2)\) \, There exist \(\delta>0, a\in\left[0,\frac{G_0}{q G_1}\bigl(\frac{q'+1}{T} \bigr)^{\frac{1}{q'}} \right]\) and \( b\in\left[0,\frac{G_0}{p G_1}\bigl(\frac{p'+1}{T} \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p'}} \right] \) such that \[ -a|x_1|^q-b|x_2|^p\leq F(t,x_1,x_2)\leq 0, \; \forall |x_1|\leq \delta, \;|x_2|\leq \delta, \] where \(G_0= \min_{t\in[0,T]} e^{G(t)}\) and \(G_1= \max_{t\in[0,T]} e^{G(t)}\), then system (1.1) has at least two nonzero solutions in \(W_T^{1,q}\times W_T^{1,p}\). \[ \quad \] { Theorem 1.2} Assume the following condition holds: \((F_3)\) \[ \liminf\limits_{|x|\to\infty} \frac{F(t,x)}{|x|^p}>0 \quad \text{ uniformly for }\, a.e. \;t\in[0,T]. \] Then system (1.2) has at least one solution in \(W_T^{1,p}\). Furthermore, if the following condition also holds: \((F_4)\) \, There exist \(\delta>0, a\in\left[0,\frac{G_0}{p G_1}\bigl(\frac{p'+1}{T} \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p'}} \right] \) such that \[ -a|x|^p\leq F(t,x)\leq 0, \; \forall |x|\leq \delta, \] then system (1.2) has at least two nonzero solutions in \(W_T^{1,p}\). { Theorem 1.3} Assume the following conditions hold: \((F_5)\) \[ \liminf\limits_{|x|\to\infty} \frac{F(t,x)}{|x|^{p-1}}>-\infty \quad \text{ uniformly for }\, a.e. \;t\in[0,T]; \] \( (F_6) \text{ whenever }\{u_n\}\subset W_T^{1,p}\) is such that \[ \|u_n\|_{W_T^{1,p}}\to\infty\;\text{ and }\; \frac{|\overline{u}_n|}{\|u_n\|_{W_T^{1,p}}}\left(\int_0^Te^{G(t)}\,dt \right)^{\frac{1}{p}}\to 1\text{ as } n\to\infty, \] \[ \liminf\limits_{n\to\infty} \int_0^T e^{G(t)} \left(\nabla F(t,u_n(t)),\frac{\overline{u}_n}{|\overline{u}_n|}\right)\;dt<0, \] where \(\overline{u}=\frac{1}{T}\int_0^T u(t)\,dt\). Then system (1.2) has at least one solution in \(W_T^{1,p}\). To prove these results authors use a variational approach based on the critical point theory, the minimizing sequence and the saddle point theorem.