On weakly pronormal subgroups of finite groups. (Q2450069)

We may detect the structure of a finite group, if we are able to get information on its \(p\)-nilpotence (\(p\) prime). This approach has been followed by several authors as J. Buckley, N. Ito, T. A. Peng and S. Srinivasan (if we want to look just at the references in the bibliography of this paper, but it would be impossible to list here the history of this attractive topic). For instance, an extension of Ito's Theorem shows that a group \(G\) is \(p\)-nilpotent, whenever every subgroup of \(G\) of order \(p\) is central (here \(p\) must be odd). On another hand, P. Hall calls ``pronormal'' (in a group \(G\)), a subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) such that \(H\) and \(H^g\) are conjugate in \(\langle H,H^g\rangle\) for each \(g\in G\). This notion is well studied in the theory of solvable groups and helps to describe some interesting results of splitting and/or of complementation. In the present paper, the author generalizes the notion of pronormality in the sense of P. Hall, calling ``weakly pronormal'' (in \(G\)), a subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) such that \(H\cap K\) is pronormal and \(G=HK\) for some subgroup \(K\) of \(G\). Roughly speaking, this condition describes a weak form of splitting of \(G\) over \(H\) (the pure splitting, for instance, would happen when \(H\) is normal and \(H\cap K\) is trivial). Then he shows the following results. Theorem 1.3. Let \(P\) be a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of a group \(G\), where \(p\) is the smallest prime dividing \(|G|\). If \(P\) is noncyclic and admits a subgroup \(D\) such that \(1<|D|<|P|\) and every subgroup of \(P\) of order \(|D|\) or \(p|D|\) is Abelian and weakly pronormal in \(G\), then \(G\) is \(p\)-nilpotent. Theorem 1.7. Let \(P\) be a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of a group \(G\), where \(p\) is the smallest prime dividing \(|G|\). If \(P\) is noncyclic and admits a subgroup \(D\) such that \(1<|D|<|P|\) and every subgroup of \(P\) of order \(|D|\) or \(p|D|\) is of class \(\leq p\) and weakly pronormal in \(G\), then \(G\) is \(p\)-nilpotent. A significant generalization of the above extension of Ito's Theorem is clear. Two further results, namely Theorems 1.4 and 1.8, rephrase the above Theorems 1.3 and 1.7 in the language of the saturated formations in the sense of Gaschütz-Lubeseder. This allows the author to have still more generalization.