The resolvent cocycle in twisted cyclic cohomology and a local index formula for the Podleś sphere (Q2450773)

The authors prove a residue index formula in noncommutative geometry for modular spectral triples as analogues of spectral triples with twisted traces. The main results are as in the following (1) to (3). (1) It is shown that for finitely summable modular spectral triples, the resolvent cocycle exists, is continuous, and is an index cocycle under weaker smoothness conditions than used before, without needing the pseudodifferential calculus, in order to obtain local index formulae. (2) Shown is that modular spectral triples have a well-defined pairing with equivariant \(K\)-theory. In the finitely summable and weakly smooth case, this paring can be computed using the resolvent cocycle, which defines a twisted cyclic cocycle. (3) By the results of (1) and (2), proved is a local index formula for the Podleś sphere in twisted cyclic cohomology. As for the related background and history, omitted totally in this review, we refer to the references of this paper. We give some following notes to the paper under review. Given \(N\) a semi-finite von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space \(H\), with a faithful normal strictly semi-finite weight \(\phi\) and with the modular automorphism group \(\sigma^{\phi}\), supposed to be periodic. Then a unital modular spectral triple with respect to \((N, \phi)\) is defined to be the triple \((A, H, D)\) such that (i) \(A\) is a separable unital \(\ast\)-subalgebra of \(N\) with norm closure \(\bar{A}\); (ii) \(A\) is invariant under \(\sigma^{\phi}\), \(A\) consists of analytic vectors for \(\sigma^{\phi}\), and the restriction of \(\sigma^{\phi}\) to \(\bar{A}\) is a strongly continuous action; (iii) \(D\) is a self-adjoint operator affiliated to the fixed point algebra \(M= N^{\sigma^{\phi}}\) of \(N\) under \(\sigma^{\phi}\); (iv) The commutator \([D, a]\) extends to a bounded operator in \(N\) for all \(a \in A\): (v) The invertible operator \((1 + D^2)^{- \frac 12}\) is in the ideal of \(\phi\)-compact operators on \(M\). The triple is finitely summable with spectral dimension \(p \geq 1\) if \(p\) is the least number such that \(\phi ( (1+D^2)^{- \frac s2}) < \infty\) for all \(\mathrm{Re}(s) >p\). A modular spectral triple defines an equvariant \(KK\)-theory class \([D] =[B_{\phi}, F_D]\) in \(KK^{1, \mathbb T}(\bar{A}, B_{\phi})\), where \(F_D= D (1 + D^2)^{-\frac 12}\) and \(B_{\phi}\) is the smallest \(C^*\)-algebra in \(N\) containing the elements \(F_D [F_D, a]\), \(b [F_D, a]\), \(F_D b [F_D, a]\), and \(a\psi (D)\) for all \(a, b \in A\) and \(\psi \in C_0(\mathbb R)\). So that the Kasparov product defines a the equivariant \(K_0\)-group \(K_0^{\mathbb T}(B_{\phi})\)-valued index pairing between a modular spectral triple and the equivariant \(K_1\)-group \(K_1^{\mathbb T}(\bar{A})\). A resolvent cocycle with variables \(a_0, \dots, a_m\) of \(A\) with \(1 \leq m \leq 2 [\frac p2] +1\) is defined as an integral over \(s \in[0, \infty)\) with the integrand involving another integral with respect to \(\lambda\) and with the integrand involving \(a_0,\) \([D, a_1], \dots, [D, a_m]\), and the resolvents such as \(R_s (\lambda) = ( \lambda - (1 + s^2 + D^2))^{-1}\) for \(s\geq 0\) Such resolvent cocycles become twisted cyclic cocycles under the weakly smooth assumption. And the residue of the sum of the resolvent cocycles with variables as the Chern monomial tensors with the unitary corresponding to the class \([u,V]\) of \(K_1^{\mathbb T}(\bar{A})\) at \(\frac {1-p}2\) is equal to the spectral flow with respect to \(D\), \(u\), and \(u^*\), and is also equal to the index with respect to \(D_+\) modified from \(D\) and a projection \(P\) corresponding to \([P, V]\) of \(K_0^{\mathbb T}(\bar{A})\), where \(V\) is a representation from \(\mathbb T\) to the \(n\times n\) matrix algebra \(M_n(\mathbb C)\) for some \(n\) such that \(u\) is \(\sigma^{\phi} \otimes \mathrm{Ad}(V)\) invariant. The quantum algebra \(A=O(SU_q(2))\) for \(q \in (0,1]\) is generated by four elements \(a, b, c, d\) with the relations \(ab = q ba\), \(ac = q ca\), \(b d = q d b\), \(cd = q dc\), and \(bc =cb\), and \(ad = 1 + q bc\), \(d a = 1 +q^{-1}b c\), and \(a^* =d\), \(b^* =- q c\), \(c^* =- q^{-1} b\), and \(d^* =a\). The Podleś sphere \(B\) is the unital \(\ast\)-subalgebra of \(O(SU_q(2))\) generated by \(q^{-1} ab\), \(-c d\), and \(-q^{-1}bc\). The algebra \(A\) has a useful direct sum decomposition with respect to the Peter-Weyl basis, in which \(B\) is viewed as a direct summand. The triple \((B, H, D)\) with respect to \((B (H), \Psi_R)\) defines a weakly smooth even modular spectral triple, which is finitely summable with spectral dimension two, where \(H\) is a direct sum of two Hilbert spaces \(H_1\) and \(H_{-1}\) with respect to some of the Peter-Weyl basis, and \(D =(D_{ij})_{i, j=1,2}\) a self-adjoint \(2\times 2\) matrix operator with \(D_{11}= 0 = D_{22}\) and \(D_{12}: H_{-1} \rightarrow H_1\) and \(D_{21}: H_1 \rightarrow H_{-1}\) certain unbounded operators, and \(\Psi_R (\star) = \mathrm{Tr} ( \Delta_R^{-\frac 12} \star \Delta_R^{-\frac 12})\) the weight on the von Neumann algebra \(B(H)\) of all bounded operators, with \(\Delta_R\) a certain unbounded operator.