Inverse limits of set-valued functions indexed by the integers (Q2452020)

This paper deals with inverse limits \(\varprojlim(f,\mathbb{Z})\) over the set of all integers \(\mathbb{Z}\) (briefly, two-sided inverse limits) using a single set-valued bonding map \(f\) defined on the unit interval \([0,1]\). If \(f\) is single-valued, the two-sided inverse limit is homeomorphic to the corresponding one-sided inverse limit \(\varprojlim(f,\mathbb{Z}^+)\) over the set of positive integers \(\mathbb{Z}^+\). However, for set-valued \(f\) the two spaces can differ, which is illustrated with several examples. One of these shows that the two-sided inverse limit can be \(2\)-cell, which is not possible in the one-sided case [\textit{V. Nall}, Houston J. Math. 37, No. 4, 1323--1332 (2011; Zbl 1237.54016)]. The author also shows that an arc is the only finite graph that can be realized as a two-sided inverse limit. An analogous one-sided result was proved by \textit{V. Nall} [Topology Appl. 159, No. 3, 733--736 (2012; Zbl 1242.54004)]. The proof in the two-sided case uses the fact that the induced shift map of \(\varprojlim(f,\mathbb{Z})\) is always a homeomorphism.