Pseudo-solenoids are not continuously homogeneous (Q2452024)

All chainable, nondegenerate and hereditarily indecomposable continua are equivalent up to homeomorphism [\textit{R. H. Bing}, Pac. J. Math. 1, 43--51 (1951; Zbl 0043.16803)]. They are known as pseudo-arc. Pseudo-solenoid is a hereditarily indecomposable continuum which is not chainable and circle-like. A pseudo-solenoid embeddable in the plane is called a pseudo-circle. Pseudo-arc is homogeneous, i.e. for every pair of points \(x\) and y contained in it there is a homeomorphism \(h\) of the pseudo-arc onto itself such that \(h(x)=y\) [\textit{R. H. Bing}, Duke Math. J. 15, 729--742 (1948; Zbl 0035.39103)] and [\textit{E. E. Moise}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 67, 57--58 (1949; Zbl 0035.39102)]. Several people have shown that pseudo-solenoids are not homogeneous [\textit{L. Fearnley}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 75, 554--558 (1969; Zbl 0184.26604)]; [\textit{J. T. Rogers, jun.}, Ill. J. Math. 14, 222--237 (1970; Zbl 0189.23603)]; [\textit{C. L. Hagopian}, ibid. 20, 650--652 (1976; Zbl 0327.54030)]; [\textit{W. Lewis}, Houston J. Math. 7, 373--377 (1981; Zbl 0491.54027)] and [\textit{K. Kuperberg} and \textit{K. Gammon}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 137, No. 3, 1149--1152 (2009; Zbl 1158.54014)]. After J. J. Charatonik, a topological space \(X\) is continuously homogeneous if for every pair of points \(x, y\) in \(X\) there exists a continuous surjection \(f\) of \(X\) onto itself such that \(f(x)=y\). In his biographical article on Charatonik, Krupski mentions the question posed by Charatonik of whether the pseudo-circle is continuously (or openly) homogeneous, cf. \textit{P. Krupski} [``Janusz Jerzy Charatonik (1934-2004)'', Topol. Proc. 30, No. 1, i--xxxix (2006; Zbl 1126.01323)]. In the paper under review, this and related questions on generalized homogeneity of the pseudo-circle are answered in the negative. Specifically, the author shows that no pseudo-solenoid is continuously homogeneous. This well written paper ends with several interesting questions that arise naturally from its results as well as from the referenced work of others. For example, is there a pseudo-solenoid with two composants which are not homeomorphic?