Waring's problem for Beatty sequences and a local to global principle (Q2454439)

The authors establish a very general form of the local to global principle which has many applications in additive number theory. The proof relies on a deep and remarkable theorem of Kneser. The following result is obtained: Let \(\mathcal{P}\) be a set of prime numbers with \[ \lim_{X\rightarrow\infty }\inf\frac{\#\mathcal{P}(X)}{X/\log X}>0. \] Here \(\mathcal{P}(X):= \mathcal{P}\cap [1,X]\) Suppose that there is a number \(s_{1}\) such that for all \(s\geq s_{1}\) and \(m,n\in\mathbb{N}\), the congruence \[ p_{1}+\cdots+p_{s}\equiv n\;\pmod{m} \] has a solution with \(p_{1},\cdots,p_{s}\in\mathcal{P}\). Then, there is a number \(s_{0}\) with the property that for any \(s\geq s_{0}\) the equation \[ p_{1}+\cdots+p_{s}=N \] has a solution with \(p_{1},\cdots,p_{s}\in\mathcal{P}\) for all but finitely many \(N\in\mathbb{N}\). The rest of the paper is devoted to the study of the special case of sums of \(k\)-th powers of members of a Beatty sequence via the Hardy-Littlewood method.