Necessary condition for the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit in non-smooth periodic systems (Q2455008)

Consider a time-periodic nonsmooth differential equation \[ dx/dt=f(t,x), \quad x\in {\mathbb R}, \] where \(f\in C^{1}({\mathbb R}\times ({\mathbb R}\backslash \{0\}),{\mathbb R})\) and \(f(t,x)=f(t+T,x)\) for all \((t,x)\in {\mathbb R}\times {\mathbb R}\). In a previous work by the author [\textit{P. Giesl}, ZAMM, Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 85, No. 2, 89--104 (2005; Zbl 1084.34005)] a sufficient condition for existence, uniqueness, stability and the basin of attraction of a periodic orbit in such a system. Theorem. Assume that there are continuous, time-periodic and orbitally differentiable functions \(W^{\pm}:{\mathbb R}\times {\mathbb R}_{0}^{\pm }\) with \(W^{\pm }(t+T,x)=W^{\pm }(t,x)\) such that the following inequalities are fulfilled. \(f_{x}(t,x)+W^{\prime }(t,x)\leq -\nu <0\) for all \((t,x)\in K^{\ast }\) with \(x\neq 0\). \(\frac{f^{-}(t,0)}{f^{+}(t,0)}\exp (W^{-}(t,0)-W^{+}(t,0))\leq e^{-\varepsilon }<1\) for all \((t,0)\in K^{\ast }\) with \(f^{-}(t,0)<0\). \(\frac{f^{+}(t,0)}{f^{-}(t,0)}\exp (W^{+}(t,0)-W^{-}(t,0))\leq e^{-\varepsilon }<1\) for all \((t,0)\in K^{\ast }\) with \(f^{-}(t,0)<0~\). Then there is a unique periodic orbit in \(K^{\ast },\) which is exponentially asymptotically stable and its basin of attraction contains \(K^{\ast },\) where \(K^{\ast }\subset\mathbb R\times\mathbb R\) is a compact set and \(f^{+}\) , \(f^{-}\) denote \(f(t,x)\) for \(x>0\), \(x<0,\) respectively. In this paper the necessity of this condition is shown. The main result of the paper is Theorem 4: the author assumes some technical conditions to ensure that the differential equation has a unique solution for positive times in the Filippov sense and that there is a periodic orbit for which a differentiable Poincaré map exists. Thus, a Floquet exponent \(-\nu _{0}\) can be defined , which is assumed to be negative. Then, for each compact subset \(K^{\ast }\) of the basin of attraction and \(-\nu >-\nu _{0}\) there is a function \(W\) \ that fulfills the inequalities 1.-3. The results of this paper ensure that a function \(W\) that fulfills 1.--3. and a method to construct this function has been given.