Behavior of the function \(R_1(x)\) and its mean value (Q2455264)

Let as usual \(\pi(x)\) denote the number of primes not exceeding \(x\), and \(\text{Li}(x) = \int_0^x \frac{dt}{\log t}\) denote the logarithmic integral. The author considers \[ R_1(x):= \pi(x)- \text{Li}(x) + \tfrac12\text{Li}(\sqrt{x}), \qquad R_{2}(x)= \int_2^xR_1(t)\,dt \] and sketches the proof of the following result on sign changes of \(R_1(x), R_2(x)\). For \(j =1,2\) there are absolute constants \(c_j \;(>0)\) and \(X_j\) such that, for \(X\geq X_j\), each of the functions \(R_j(x)\) has at least \(c_j\log X\) sign changes in the interval \([2, X]\). Previously the author [Chebyshevskiĭ\ Sb. 5, No. 4(12), 5--20 (2004; Zbl 1136.11057)] investigated the behaviour of \(R_j(x)\) under the Riemann Hypothesis (that all complex zeros of the Riemann zeta-function have real parts equal to 1/2), but the above result is unconditional.