On global deformation quantization in the algebraic case (Q2456188)

This paper is an attempt to understand deformation quantization in an algebraic setting. The author restricts himself to infinitesimal deformations, claiming that the extension to formal deformations is routine. Kontsevich's fundamental idea is that quantization of Poisson brackets should take place in the setting of twisted presheaves: Let \(X\) be a separated quasi-compact scheme over a field \(k\). Choose an affine covering \(\mathcal{U}=\{U_1,\dots,U_n\}\) of \(X\). For \(J\subset\{1,\dots,n\}\) let \(U_J=\bigcap_{j\in J}U_j.\) A twisted presheaf of \(k\)-algebras on \(\mathcal{U}\) is a collection of \(k\)-algebras \(\mathcal{A}(U_J)\) together with restriction maps compatible with compositions up to an explicit automorphism satisfying a natural cocycle condition for triple compositions. The motivation is that under suitable flatness conditions one may define a category of quasi-coherent sheaves over a twisted presheaf. Assume in addition that \(X\) is smooth and that \(k=\mathbb{C}\). For \((l,m)\) an Artinian local \(k\)-algebra with residuefield \(k\), Kontsevich constructs a ``quantization'' arrow \[ \{\text{Poisson brackets on \(X\) with coefficients in \(m\)}\}/\cong \] \[ \rightarrow \] \[ \{\text{flat \(l\)-deformations of \(\mathcal{O}_X\) in the category of twisted presheaves}\}/\cong. \] The connection with deformation theory of abelian categories is given by a bijection constructed by \textit{W. Tor Lowen} [Algebroid prestacks and deformations of ringed spaces, \url{arXiv:math/0511197v1}]: \[ \{\text{flat \(l\)-deformations of \(\mathcal{O}_X\) in the category of twisted presheaves}\} \] \[ \leftrightarrow \] \[ \{\text{flat \(l\)-deformations of Qch(\(\mathcal{O}_X\))}\}/\cong. \] The author's aim is to explain the first arrow and to explain what the obstruction is against reversing the arrow. The basic constructions are the sheaves \(\mathcal{D}_X^{\text{poly}}[1]\) and \(\mathcal{T}_X^{\text{poly}}[1]\) of DG-Lie algebras, and these are explained in the introduction of the article. The key result in algebraic deformation quantization is that there is an isomorphism \(\mathcal{T}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot}[1 ]\cong\mathcal{D}_X^{\text{poly}}[1]\) in the homotopy category of sheaves of DG-Lie algebras. Furthermore if \(X\) has a system of parameters \((x_i)_i\) the resulting map on homology \(\mathcal{T}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot}\rightarrow H^{\cdot}(\mathcal{D}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot})\) is explicitly given by the HKR-formula. In this article the author gives a self-contained proof of this result. There is a substantial simplification compared to Yekuteli's result that it is not necessary to choose sections of the bundle of affine coordinate systems, avoiding the machinery of simplicial sections. Instead an argument inspired by algebraic de Rham cohomology is used. The result is relevant to deformation theory in the sense that for a sheaf of DG-Lie algebras \(\mathcal{G}\) on a topological space \(X\) one may take its derived global sections \(R\Gamma(X,\mathcal{G})^{\text{tot}}\) which is also a DG-Lie algebra and which is canonically quasi-isomorphic to \(R\Gamma(X,\mathcal{G})\) as complexes. Applying this functor to the key result, one gets an isomorphism in the homotopy category of DG-Lie algebras \[ R\Gamma(X,\mathcal{T}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot}[1])^{\text{tot}}\cong R\Gamma(\mathcal{D}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot}[1])^{\text{tot}}. \] It is then known that flat \(l\)-deformations of an algebra \(A\) correspond to solutions of the Maurer-Cartan equation in \(m\otimes_k C(A)[1]\) where \(C(A)\) is the Hochschild complex of \(A\). This leads to a correspondence between solutions of the MC equation in \(R\Gamma(X,\mathcal{T}_X^{\text{poly},\cdot}[1])^{\text{tot}}\otimes_k m\) and flat \(l\)-deformations of \(\mathcal{O}_X\) in the category of twisted presheaves. This is reasonably explained in the article. Section 3 explain the connection between poly-differential operators and the Hochschild complex of schemes. Section 4 discuss the application to the analytic case, the topological notions given in section 5. Then section 6 uses formal schemes to give an account of formal geometry in the algebraic case. Sections 7 and 8 give a reminder on DG-Lie and \(L_\infty\)-algebras and defines descent for \(L_\infty\)-algebras under an algebraic group action. The final section, section 9 proves the key result. The article is on a high level, and it is not easy to read for nonspecialists. The results however are important and gives good and relevant applications of deformation theory.