Stable Hilbert series of \(\mathcal S(\mathfrak g)^{K}\) for classical groups (Q2456204)

Let \(G\) be a complex reductive group and let \(K\) consist of the fixed points of a regular involution of \(G\). The adjoint action of \(G\) on its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) induces an action on the universal enveloping algebra \({\mathcal U}({\mathfrak g})\). In the paper under review the author studies the algebra of \(K\)-invariants \({\mathcal U}({\mathfrak g})^K\). The algebra \({\mathcal U}({\mathfrak g})\) is isomorphic as a \(G\)-module to the associated graded algebra, i.e. to the symmetric algebra \({\mathcal S}({\mathfrak g})\). The purpose is to describe the coefficients of the Hilbert series of the algebra of \(K\)-invariants \({\mathcal S}({\mathfrak g})^K\). The paper considers the case when \(\mathfrak g\) is the complexification of the Lie algebra of the real form \(G_0\) of a classical linear algebraic group \(G\) over \(\mathbb C\) and \(K\) is the complex group corresponding to the maximal compact subgroup of \(G_0\). The paper studies the ten families of \((G_0,G,K)\): \[ (U(p,q),\text{GL}_{p+q}({\mathbb C}), \text{GL}_p({\mathbb C})\times \text{GL}_q({\mathbb C})), \] \[ (\text{GL}_n({\mathbb R}), \text{GL}_n({\mathbb C}),O_n({\mathbb C})), \qquad (\text{GL}_m({\mathbb H}), \text{GL}_{2m}({\mathbb C}), \text{Sp}_{2m}({\mathbb C})), \] \[ (\text{GO}^{\ast}(2m), \text{SO}_{2m}({\mathbb C}),\text{GL}_m({\mathbb C})), \qquad (\text{Sp}(m,{\mathbb R}), \text{Sp}_{2m}({\mathbb C}), \text{GL}_m({\mathbb C})), \] \[ (O(p,q),O_{p+q}({\mathbb C}),O_p({\mathbb C})\times O_q({\mathbb C})), \qquad (\text{Sp}(p,q), \text{Sp}_{2(p+q)}({\mathbb C}), \text{Sp}_{2p}({\mathbb C})\times \text{Sp}_{2q}({\mathbb C})), \] \[ (\text{GL}(n,{\mathbb C}), \text{GL}(n,{\mathbb C})\times \text{GL}(n,{\mathbb C}), \text{GL}_n({\mathbb C})), \qquad (O(n,{\mathbb C}),O_n({\mathbb C})\times O_n({\mathbb C}),O_n({\mathbb C})), \] \[ (\text{Sp}(m,{\mathbb C}), \text{Sp}_{2m}({\mathbb C}) \times \text{Sp}_{2m}({\mathbb C}), \text{Sp}_{2m}({\mathbb C})). \] By case-by-case analysis, it has turned out that the coefficients \(h_d=\dim({\mathcal S}^d({\mathfrak g}))^K\) of the Hilbert series of the algebra of invariants \({\mathcal S}({\mathfrak g})^K\) can be expressed as sums of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. The main result is that for a fixed \(d\) the coefficient \(h_d\) stabilizes for sufficiently large defining parameters \(n,m\) or \((p,q)\). This leads to the notion of a stable Hilbert series in each of the ten cases. The author shows that the stable Hilbert series of one symmetric pair \((G,K)\) often coincides with others. Also, for the case of the real form \(U(p,q)\) he derives a closed expression for the Hilbert series when \(\min(p,q)\rightarrow \infty\).