A new characterization of dual bases in finite fields and its applications (Q2457004)

The authors characterize dual bases in finite fields in the following way. Let \(\{\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n\}\) be a basis of \(\mathbb F_{q^n}\) over \(\mathbb F_q\) and \(\{\beta_1,\dots,\beta_n\}\) its (unique) dual basis, i.e., \(\text{Tr}(\alpha_i \beta_j)=\delta_{ij}\), where \(\text{Tr}\) is the trace function and \(\delta_{ij}\) the Kronecker symbol. Let \(C\in \text{GL}_n(\mathbb F_q)\) be the transition matrix defined by \((\beta_1,\dots,\beta_n)=(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)C\). Then we have \[ T_k^T=C^{-1}T_kC, \] where \(T_k\in \text{GL}_n(\mathbb F_q)\) is defined by \(\alpha_k(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)=(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)T_k\). Conversely, if \(T_k^T=G^{-1}T_k C\) for some \(1\leq k\leq n\) and \(G\in \text{GL}_n(\mathbb F_q)\) then \((\gamma_1,\dots,\gamma_n)=(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n)G\) is equivalent to the dual basis, i.e., \(\gamma_i=\delta \beta_i\) for \(1\leq i\leq n\) and some \(\delta\in\mathbb F_{q^n}^*\).