On the general theory of the Cauchy type functional equations with applications in analysis (Q2458383)

The main object of the paper is the investigation of the Cauchy type functional equation \[ F\big((\delta_1+\delta_2)(t)\big) -F\big(\delta_1(t)\big)-F\big(\delta_2(t)\big)=h(t),\quad t\in I:=[-1,1], \] where \(F:I\to\mathbb{R}\) is considered as an unknown function, \(\delta_1,\delta_2:I\to I\) and \(h:I\to\mathbb{R}\) are given continuous functions such that \[ \big\{(\delta_1(t),\delta_2(t)):t\in I\big\} \subsetneqq \big\{(x,y):| x\pm y| \leq 1\big\}. \] The main results of the paper show that the solvability, uniqueness of solutions, Fredholmness of the linear operator defined by the left hand side of the above equation, the description of the kernel of this linear operator, explicite solution of the inhomogeneous equation are determined by some mutual properties of the functions \(\delta_1\) and \(\delta_2\). The main results related to the functional equation in question are formulated in terms of these functions and the semigroup generated by the selfmaps \(\delta_1,\delta_2\) of the interval \(I\). In the final part of the paper, these results are applied to certain problems of integral geometry and hyperbolic partial differential equations in an unexpected way.