One-cusped congruence subgroups of Bianchi groups (Q2458824)

Let \({\mathcal O}_d\) be the ring of integers of \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-d})\) where \(d\) is positive and square-free. There are nine values of \(d\) where \({\mathcal O}_d\) has class-number \(1\). The question the author poses is the determination of all the congruence subgroups of the \(\text{PSL}_2({\mathcal O}_d)\) which have only one cusp. By means of a delicate number-theoretical investigation of the groups in question the author shows that there are only finitely many such groups. As the author essentially gives effective bounds the method appears to be amenable to actually determining all such groups given sufficient computation. That this result is more surprising than one might at first imagine is shown by the second theorem. Although there are \(18\) maximal orders of class number \(2\) it turns out that there are infinitely many congruence subgroups of groups of the form \(\text{PSL}_2({\mathcal O}_d)\) with two cusps. The construction given in this paper realizes them as subgroups of \(\text{PSL}_2({\mathcal O}_d)\) where \({\mathcal O}_d\) has class number \(1\).