Goldbach's ternary problem involving prime numbers expressible by given quadratic forms (Q2460528)

Let \(Q_j\) be given primitive positive definite binary quadratic forms, for \(j=1,2\) and \(3\), such that the discriminant of \(Q_j\) coincides with that of the imaginary quadratic field in which \(Q_j\) splits into linear factors. The main purpose of this paper is to establish an asymptotic formula for the number of representations of a large integer \(N\) as \(N=p_1+p_2+p_3\), where \(p_j\) is a prime number represented by the given quadratic form \(Q_j\), for each \(j\). The proof is based on the circle method, as well as on the previous work of the author [ J. Math. Sci., New York 137, No. 2, 4634--4644 (2006); translation from Zap. Nauchn. Semin. POMI 322, 45--62 (2005; Zbl 1084.11063), Chebyshevskii Sb. 5, No. 4, 82--89 (2005; Zbl 1145.11322)]. The formal main term of the asymptotic formula involves the singular series, and it vanishes under some conditions on \(N\) and \(Q_j\). For example, it does when \(N\) is even. The last part of the paper is devoted to a discussion concerning the positivity of the singular series.