The two-parameter higher-order differential calculus and curvature on a quantum plane (Q2460934)

Associative differential algebras on a quantum plane with differential \(d\), \(d^2= 0\) and \(d^2\neq 0\), \(d^3= 0\) are constructed [cf. \textit{R. Kerner}, Lett. Math. Phys. 36, No. 4, 441--454 (1996; Zbl 0852.58002), \textit{M. El Baz}, \textit{A. El Hassouni}, \textit{Y. Hassouni} and \textit{E. H. Zakkari}, \(n= 3\) differential calculus and gauge theory on a reduced quantum plane, J. Math. Phys. 44, No. 6, 4784--4794 (2003; Zbl 1062.81095)]. Corresponding curvatures of related non-commutative gauge fields are also derived. A quantum plane in this paper is a unital assocative algebra generated by \(x\), \(y\) with the commutation relation \(xy= qyx\), \(q\in C\), \(q\neq 0,1\). The relaxing commutation assumption of the coordinates of the quantum plane and generators of the quantum group \(\text{GL}_q(2)\), an extended symmetry group \(\text{GL}_{p,q}(2)\), \(pq\neq -1\), is introduced [cf. \textit{S. Cho}, \textit{S. J. Kang}, \textit{C. H. Kim} and \textit{K. S. Park}, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 29, 279 (1996), q-alg/9606024]. Detailed definitions and commutatin relations are listed as (2), (3). The definition of quantum differential algebra with \(d^2= 0\) is similar to ordinary (commutative) differential algebra. But commutation relations between \(x\), \(y\) and \(dx\), \(dy\) need to modify from the commutative case. They are listed [equ. (5)]. Operations of the partial differentiations \(\partial_x\), \(\partial_y\) to \(x\), \(y\) also need to modify which are listed [equ. (7)]. The Leibniz rule of the differntial algebra with \(d^3= 0\) needs to modify as follows \[ d(uv)= (du) v+(j)^n u(dv),\quad u\in\Omega^n, \quad j^3= 1. \] In general such differential algebra is not associative. But if \(qp= j^2\), then it becomes associative. So this is assumed in the rest. Since \(d^2\neq 0\), the differential algebra with \(d^3= 0\) contains the terms \(d^2x\), \(d^2y\). Several commutation relations related to this algebra are listed in \S2.3. Definitions of covariant differentials and curvatures based on these differential calculi are the same as in the ordinary case. But by using explicit expressions of the curvatures [equs. (22) and (27)], it is shown curvatures are the sum of the term comes from the curvature of the ordinary case and comes from the noncommutativity of the space. Some general formulas used to the computations of the curvature components and components of the curvature are listed in Appendix A and B.