Examples and structure of CMC surfaces in some Riemannian and Lorentzian homogeneous spaces (Q2460992)

\textit{U. Abresch} and \textit{H. Rosenberg} [Acta. Math. 193, 141--174 (2004; Zbl 1078.53053)] have proved the existence of a quadratic differential \(Q\) for an immersed surface in \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) that is holomorphic when the surface has constant mean curvature, where \(M^{2}(k)\) is a 2-dimensional simply connected space form of constant curvature \(k\). The idea of the paper under review is to relate the differential \(Q\) on a surface immersed in \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) with the usual Hopf differential after embedding \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) in some Euclidean space \(E^{4}\). It is proved that \(Q\) can be written as a linear combination of two Hopf differential associated to two normal directions spanning the normal bundle of the surface in \(E^{4}.\) The result remains true when the product \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) is endowed with a Lorentzian metric. Also, a characterization of stable constant mean curvature disks with circulary boundary on \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) and estimates of some geometrical data of constant mean curvature surfaces with boundary lying on vertical planes in \(M^{2}(k)\times \mathbb{R}\) are given.