Integral equations for a model of symbiosis between two species with diffusion and age structure: the case of Pinus cembra and Nucifraga caryocatactes (Q2462183)

The authors study a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations that model the evolution of the bird Nucifraga caryocatactes and the pine Pinus cembra and takes into account dependence of the density of the population of Pinus cembra on the age \(\tau=t-s\) and on the position \(x.\) The principal result in the paper (Theorem 6.1) establishes the existence of stationary solutions \(P\left( t-\tau,t,x\right) \) and \(N(t)\) of the given system of equations distinguishing the three cases when the system has (a) only the trivial stationary solution; (b) at least two stationary solutions; (c) at least three stationary solutions. In the cases (b) and (c) one of the stationary solutions is the trivial one. The results agree with those obtained in the recent paper by the second author and Bianconi [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., in press] for the case that does not account for the diffusion of Pinus cembra.