A note on the perturbation of positive matrices by normal and unitary matrices (Q2463614)

Let \(\mathcal N_n\) be the set of \(n \times n\) normal matrices with spectral radius 1 in \({\mathcal R}^{n,n} \), \({\mathcal U}_n \subset {\mathcal N}_n\) be the set of \(n \times n\) unitary (orthogonal) matrices, and \({\mathcal X}_n\) be the set of all real matrices whose Frobenius norm is \(\sqrt n\). For \(A = (a_{i,j} ) \in {\mathcal R}^{n,n}\), with \(a_{i,j} \geqslant 1\), \(i,j = 1,\dots,n\), in this paper it is shown that: \[ \min _{N \in {\mathcal N}_n } \rho (A + N) = \min _{U \in {\mathcal U}_n } \rho (A + U) \quad\text{and}\quad \max _{N \in {\mathcal N}_n } \rho (A + N) = \max _{U \in {\mathcal U}_n } \rho (A + U), \] \[ \min _{X \in {\mathcal X}_n } \rho (A + X) \leqslant \min _{U \in {\mathcal U}_n } \rho (A + U)\quad\text{and}\quad\max _{U \in {\mathcal U}_n } \rho (A + U) \leqslant \max _{X \in {\mathcal X}_n } \rho (A + X), \] where \(\rho (M)\) is the spectral radius of the matrix \(M\).