Spectra of principal submatrices of nonnegative matrices (Q2463615)

The nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem asks when a list \(\sigma=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_n)\) of \(n\) complex numbers is the spectrum of an \(n\times n\) nonnegative matrix. If such a matrix exists, we say that \(\sigma\) is realizable. Starting from the particular case of the \(1\times 1\) matrices, the authors show how submatrices of nonnegative matrices can be used to construct realizable lists from known realizable lists. Some examples are provided. Finally, the authors propose two open questions, which are partially answered.