On the Poincaré mapping and periodic solutions of nonautonomous differential systems (Q2467106)

The periodic solutions of the nonautonomous differential system \[ x'=X(t,x) \] for which \(X(t+2\omega,x)=X(t,x)\) can be studied by means of the Poincaré mapping, which is closely related to the reflexive functions (RF) introduced by \textit{V. I. Mironenko} [Reflexive functions and periodic solution of differential system, University Press, Minsk (1986; Zbl 0607.34038), pp. 12--26]. A continuously differentiable vector function \(F(t,x)\) on \(R\times R^n\) is called RF if it is a solution of the Cauchy problem \[ F_t(t,x)+F_x(t,x) X(t,x)+X(-t,F(t,x))=0,\quad F(0,x)=x\,. \] If \(F(t,x)\) is a RF, then \(F(t,x(t))\equiv x(-t)\), and the Poincaré mapping is given by \(T(x)=F(-\omega,x)\). Recently V. I. Mironenko posed the question, when the \(2\omega\)-periodic system \[ \dot x=P(t,x,y),\quad \dot y=Q(t,x,y) \] has the properties: {\parindent=5mm \begin{itemize}\item[A.] Its Poincaré mapping transforms any second degree algebraic curve into a second degree algebraic curve, \item[B.] For any fixed \(t\in R\) the mapping \( (x,y)\rightarrow (F_1(t,x,y),F_2(t,x,y)), \) where \(F=(F_1,F_2)\) is the RF. \end{itemize}} For linear periodic system the answer is affirmative. The present paper deals with this question and distinguishes other systems for which the answer is affirmative. The results are applied to discuss the existence and stability of periodic solutions of these systems.