Explicit representation of roots on \(p\)-adic solenoids and non-uniqueness of embeddability into rational one-parameter subgroups (Q2468400)

Fix a prime number \(p\) and consider the \(p\)-adic solenoid group \[ S_p:= \{s= (e^{it_0}, e^{it_1},\dots)/t_j= pt_{j+1}\,(\forall j\in\mathbb{N}),\, t_j\in\mathbb{R}\}. \] The author describes the \(n\)th roots of any \(s\in S_p\); in particular, if \(n= j\times p^k\) with \(k\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(p\) not dividing \(j\), then there are exactly \(j\) such \(n\)th roots, which have distinct first components \(e^{it^{(1)}_0},\dots, e^{it^{(j)}_0}\). This description is then used to deduce the following embedding property of the subgroup \[ S^{arc}_p:= \{s= (e^{it}, e^{it/p}, e^{it/p^2},\dots)/t\in\mathbb{R}\}. \] For any infinitely divisible probability measure \(\mu\) on \(S^{arc}_p\), there exists a unique continuous convolution semigroup \((\mu_t)_{t\geq 0}\) such that \(\mu_1= \mu\). This is false for the whole \(S_p\).