Irreducible morphisms, the Gabriel-valued quiver and colocalizations for coalgebras. (Q2469008)

Throughout this paper \(C\) denotes a basic coalgebra over a field \(K\). This means that \(\text{Soc}_CC=\bigoplus_{j\in I_C}S(j)\), \(I_C\) an index set, the \(S(j)\) are simple left \(C\)-comodules, and are mutually nonisomorphic and \(_CC=\bigoplus_ {j\in I_C}E(j)\) where \(E(j)\) is the injective envelope of \(S(j)\), the \(E(j)\) are indecomposable injectives and are mutually nonisomorphic. Equivalently, [the author, J. Algebra 312, No. 1, 455-494 (2007; Zbl 1136.16036)], \(C\) is basic if and only if \(\dim_KS=\dim_K\text{End}_CS\) for any simple left \(C\)-comodule \(S\) where \(\text{End}_CS\) is the algebra of \(C\)-comodule endomorphisms. Let \(F_j\) denote \(\text{End}_CS(j)\). In this paper, the author studies the left Gabriel-valued quiver \((_CQ, {_C\mathbf d})=(_CQ_0,{_CQ_1},{_C\mathbf d})\). Here \(_CQ_0=I_C\) is the set of vertices and \(_CQ_1\) is the set of valued arrows. For any two vertices \(i,j\in I_C\), there is a unique valued arrow from \(i\) to \(j\), \[ i@>(d_{ij}',d_{ij}'')>>j \] if and only if the \(F_j\)-\(F_i\)-bimodule \(\text{Ext}^1_C(S(i),S(j))\) is nonzero and \(d_{ij}'\) is its dimension as a right \(F_i\)-module and \(d_{ij}''\) is its dimension as a left \(F_j\)-module. In Section 2 of this paper an equivalent form of the quiver \((_CQ,{_C\mathbf d})\) is described in terms of irreducible morphisms in \(C\)-inj, the category of left \(C\)-injective socle-finite comodules. A morphism \(f\) which is not an isomorphism is defined to be irreducible in \(C\)-inj if, whenever \(f=f''\circ f'\) then either \(f'\) has a left inverse or \(f''\) has a right inverse. Then, there is a unique valued arrow from \(i\) to \(j\) as above if and only if the \(F_i\)-\(F_j\)-bimodule \(\text{Irr}(E(j),E(i))=\text{rad}(E(j),E(i))/\text{rad}^2(E(j),E(i))\) is nonzero with \(d_{ij}'\) (\(d_{ij}''\)) the dimension of \(\text{Irr}(E(j),E(i))\) as a right \(F_j\)-module (left \(F_i\)-module, respectively). A consequence is that \(C\) is indecomposable if and only if the Gabriel-valued quiver \((_CQ,{_C\mathbf d})\) is connected. In Section 3, the author studies the relationship between the valued quiver \((_CQ,{_C\mathbf d})\) and the valued quiver \((_{\overline C}Q,{_{\overline C}\mathbf d})\) where \(\overline C\) is a colocalisation coalgebra quotient of \(C\) with respect to an injective comodule \(E=\bigoplus_{j\in U}E(j)\) where \(U\subset I_C\). Under certain conditions the quiver for \(\overline C\) is isomorphic to the restriction of the quiver for \(C\) to the subset \(U\).