Invariants of solvable Lie algebras with triangular nilradicals and diagonal nilindependent elements (Q2469511)

The authors present an exhaustive analysis of the generalized Casimir invariants of solvable Lie algebras whose nilradical are algebras of strongly upper triangular matrices, by means of the method of moving frames, developed earlier by the same authors [``Computation of invariants of Lie algebras by means of moving frames'', J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 39, No. 20, 5749--5762 (2006; Zbl 1106.17040)]. This powerful geometric approach makes it possible to avoid the integration of a system of first-order partial differential equations associated to a representation of the Lie algebra, and reduces the problem of finding fundamental systems of invariants to the elimination of parameters in a system of algebraic equations related to the inner automorphism group of the Lie algebra. A decisive point about the algorithm presented is that it allows one to deduce easily generalized invariants without involving complex functions, which often arise for real Lie algebras having generators whose adjoint operator is non-diagonal. Although this is a problem of choosing an adequate basis, this change of coordinates is often nontrivial, which explains why in various references to the literature, complex solutions are always represented. Using the algorithm proposed here, these difficulties are generally overcome and a fundamental basis is given by means of real functions, and presenting the invariants in a highly elegant way. The results obtained show that the procedure is of special interest for the analysis of families of (solvable) Lie algebras in arbitrary dimension, where analytical methods are usually difficult to apply.