On orthostochastic, unistochastic and qustochastic matrices (Q2469544)

The authors introduce qustochastic matrices as the bistochastic matrices arising from quaternionic unitary matrices by replacing each entry with the square of its norm. This is the quaternionic analogue of the unitstochastic matrices studied by physicists. They also introduce quaternionic Hadamard matrices and quaternionic mutually unbiased bases (MUB). In particular, they show that the number of MUB in an \(n\)-dimensional quaternionic Hilbert space is at most \(2n+1\). The bound is attained for \(n=2\). They also determine all quaternionic Hadamard matrices of size \(\leq 4\). Several relative open problems are posed.