A priori bounds and weak solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in Sobolev spaces of negative order (Q2469825)

The authors study the 1D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation \( iu_{t}+u_{xx}+\omega | u| ^{2}u=0\), with initial data \(u(0,x)=u_{0}(x)\), in Sobolev spaces \(H^{s}\) for negative \(s\). Here \(\omega =\pm 1\). The main result of the paper proves the existence of a weak solution of this Cauchy problem, assuming that \(u_{0}\in H^{s}(\mathbb R)\), \(s>-1/12\), with \(\left\| u_{0}\right\| _{H^{s}}\) small enough. This weak solution belongs to \( C([0,T];H^{s}(\mathbb R))\cap Y^{s,b}\), \(Y^{s,b}\) being a Besov-like space of tempered distributions on \(\mathbb R^2\) whose space-time Fourier transform belongs to \(L_{\text{loc}}^{2}(\mathbb R^2)\) and the norm of which involves Littlewood-Paley projections. \(T\) is small enough depending on \(b>1/2\). This weak solution is obtained as a limit of strong solutions, through estimates on the difference between the norm of a smooth solution and that of the initial data in appropriate spaces. This requires estimates on the spatial and space-time Fourier coefficients of a smooth solution. The authors also need properties of the Besov-like space \(Y^{s,b}\).