Torsors under some group schemes of order \(p^n\) (Q2470387)

Let \(R\) be a complete discrete valuation ring, valuation \(v\), with residue field \(k\) of positive characteristic \(p.\) For any \(\lambda\in R\) one can construct a smooth commutative group scheme \(\mathcal{G}^{\lambda} =\)Spec\(\left( A^{\lambda}\right) \), where \(A^{\lambda}=R\left[ x,\left( 1+\lambda x\right) ^{-1}\right] \) with comultiplication \(c^{\lambda}\) given by \(c^{\lambda}\left( x\right) =x\otimes1+1\otimes x+\lambda x\otimes x.\) Note that \(\mathcal{G}^{0}\) is the additive group scheme \(\mathbf{G}_{a}\) and if \(\lambda\) is a unit in \(R\) then \(\mathcal{G}^{\lambda}\) is the multiplicative group scheme \(\mathbf{G}_{m}.\) For any \(n\) with \(v\left( p\right) \geq\phi\left( p^{n}\right) v\left( \lambda\right) \) there is an isogeny \(\varphi_{\lambda,n}:\mathcal{G}^{\lambda}\rightarrow\mathcal{G} ^{\left( \lambda^{p^{n}}\right) }\) given by \(x\mapsto\lambda^{-p^{n}}\left( \left( 1+\lambda x\right) ^{p^{n}}-1\right) .\) Denote the kernel of this isogeny by \(G_{\lambda,n}.\) The purpose of this paper is to describe both \(\mathcal{G}^{\lambda}\)-torsors and \(G_{\lambda,n}\)-torsors over an \(R\)-scheme \(X\) through the use of certain categorical equivalences. For a given \(\lambda\in R\) and \(R\)-scheme \(X,\) let \(\mathfrak{CD}^{\lambda }\left( X\right) \) be the category whose objects are triples \(\left( L,E,\Psi\right) ,\) where \(L\) is an invertible \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\) module; \(E\) is an extension of \(L\) by \(\mathcal{O}_{X};\) and \(\Psi:E\rightarrow E\) is an \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\)-linear map such that its kernel \(E_{0}\) is \(\mathcal{O} _{X},\) the induced map \(E/E_{0}\rightarrow E/E_{0}\) is multiplication by \(\lambda\) on \(L,\) and \(E/\Psi\left( E\right) \) is an invertible \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\)-module. The morphisms \(\left( L,E,\Psi\right) \rightarrow\left( L^{\prime},E^{\prime},\Psi\right) \) in \(\mathfrak{CD} ^{\lambda}\left( X\right) \) are isomorphisms \(E\rightarrow E^{\prime}\) and \(L\rightarrow L^{\prime}\) satisfying compatibility conditions. This \(\mathfrak{CD}^{\lambda}\left( X\right) \) is called the category of global classifying data. The first main result is that the category of \(\mathcal{G} ^{\lambda}\)-torsors over \(X\) is quasi-equivalent to \(\mathfrak{CD}^{\lambda }\left( X\right).\) Given a \(\mathcal{G}^{\lambda}\)-torsor \(\pi : \text{Spec}\left( B\right) \rightarrow X\) one has a map \(c_{B}:B\rightarrow B\otimes_{\mathcal{O}_{X}}\left( A^{\lambda}\otimes_{R}\mathcal{O} _{X}\right) \) giving the structure of a \(\mathcal{G}^{\lambda}\)-torsor on Spec\(\left( B\right) .\;\)Let \(E^{\text{triv}}=\mathcal{O}_{X}\oplus \mathcal{O}_{X}x\subset A^{\lambda}\otimes_{R}\mathcal{O}_{X}\) and define \(E=c_{B}^{-1}\left( E^{\text{triv}}\right) \). Let \(L=E/\mathcal{O}_{X}\) and define \(\Psi\) to be the unique \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\)-linear map \(E\rightarrow E\) such that \(c_{B}=\)id\(\otimes1+\Psi\otimes x.\) This provides the global classifying data. In the finite kernel case we construct the category \(\mathfrak{CD}_{\lambda ,n}\left( X\right) ,\) whose objects are of the form \(\left( L,E,\Psi ,\left\{ U_{i},e_{i},\alpha_{i}\right\} _{i\in I}\right) ,\) where \(L,E,\Psi\) are as before and \(\left\{ U_{i}\right\} \) is an open cover of \(X\) satisfying extra conditions involving the \(e_{i}\) and the \(\alpha_{i}.\) This category is shown to be quasi-equivalent to the category of \(G_{\lambda,n}\)-torsors over \(X\). Examples when \(\lambda\) is a unit and \(\lambda=0\) are discussed. In the former case one can explicitly give the torsors by Kummer theory, in the latter, Artin-Schreier theory. Finally, in the case where \(R\) is the ring of integers of a local field, an alternate proof of a well-known theorem of Mazur and Roberts is given.