On the multipliers of the intersection of weighted function spaces (Q2470798)

Let \(A\) be a Banach algebra. If \(V\) and \(W\) are Banach \(A\)-modules then \(\Hom_A (V, W)\) will denote the Banach space of all continuous \(A\)-module homomorphisms from \(V\) to \(W\) with the operator norm. The elements of \(\Hom_A (V, W)\) are traditionally known as multipliers from \(V\) to \(W\). For this review \(G\) will always be a locally compact abelian group with Haar measure \(dx\) and \(\omega\) will always denote a weight function on \(G\). So \(\omega\) is continuous, \(\omega (x) \geq 1\), and \(\omega (x+y) \leq \omega(x) \omega(y)\) for all \(x, y \in G\). Let \(L_{\omega}^p (G) = \{ f \mid f \omega \in L^p(G) \}\). For \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) the set \(L_{\omega}^p (G)\) is a Banach space under the norm \(\| f \| = \| f \omega \|_{p, \omega}\). Its dual space is \(L_{\omega^{-1}}^{p'} (G)\) where \(\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{p'} = 1\), \(1 \leq p < \infty.\) For \(1 < p_1, p_2 < \infty\), let \(S(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) be the set of all measurable complex-valued functions \(g\) which can be written as \[ g = g_1 + g_2\;\text{ with }\;(g_1, g_2) \in L_{\omega}^{p_1} (G) \times L_{\omega}^{p_2} (G). \] Now \(S(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) is a Banach space under the norm \(\| g \|_S = \inf\{ \| g_1 \|_{p_1, \omega} + \| g_2 \|_{p_2, \omega} \}\), where the infimum is taken over all such decompositions of \(g\). Denote by \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) the set of all measurable, complex-valued functions on \(G\) which are in \(L_{\omega}^{p_1}(G) \cap L_{\omega}^{p_2}(G)\). Also \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) is a Banach space under the norm \(\| f \|_D = \max( \| f \|_{p_1, \omega}, \| f \|_{p_2, \omega})\). Both \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) and \(S(p_1, p_2, \omega)\) are reflexive Banach \(L_{\omega}^1 (G)\)-modules and the following duality relations hold \[ \begin{aligned} &D(p_1, p_2, \omega)^{\ast} \cong S(p'_1, p'_2, \omega^{-1}),\\ &D(p_1, p_2, \omega^{-1} )^{\ast} \cong S(p'_1, p'_2, \omega), \end{aligned} \] where \(\frac{1}{p_i} + \frac{1}{p'_i} = 1\) \((i = 1,2).\) For the rest of this review assume \(p_i > 1\) and \(q_i > 1\) \((i = 1,2)\) with \(p_i \leq q_i\). A bilinear map \(b\) can be defined from \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \times S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1})\) into \(S(r_1, r_2, \omega^{-1})\) \((p_i \neq q_i)\) or \(S( \infty, \infty, \omega^{-1})\) \((p_i = q_i)\) by \[ b(f, g) = f^\sim\ast g, \quad f\in D(p_1, p_2, \omega), \quad g \in S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1}) \] where \(f^\sim(x) = f(-x)\) and \(\ast\) denotes convolution of functions. The map \(b\) lifts to a linear map \(B\) from \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{\gamma} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1})\) into \(S(r_1, r_2, \omega^{-1})\) or \(S(\infty, \infty, \omega^{-1})\). The range of \(B\), with the quotient norm, is denoted by \(\Lambda_S^D (G).\) The author proves that \(\Lambda_S^D (G)\) is an essential Banach \(L_{\omega}^1 (G)\)-module. Now let \(K\) be the closed linear subspace of \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{\gamma} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1})\) which is spanned by all elements of the form \((\varphi \ast f) \otimes g - f \otimes (\varphi^\sim\ast g)\) where \(f \in D(p_1, p_2, \omega)\), \(g \in S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1})\) and \(\varphi \in L_{\omega}^1 (G)\). Then the Banach \(L_{\omega}^1 (G)\)-module tensor product \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{L_{\omega}^1} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1})\) is defined to be the quotient Banach space \[ D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{L_{\omega}^1} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1}) = D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{\gamma} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1}) / K. \] Let \(\varphi \in C_c (G)\), the continuous functions with compact support on \(G\). Denote by \(T_{\varphi}\) the element in \(\Hom_{L_{\omega}^1} ( D(p_1, p_2, \omega), D(q_1, q_2, \omega))\) defined by \(T_{\varphi}(f) = f \ast \varphi\). If every element of \(\Hom_{L_{\omega}^1} (D(p_1, p_2, \omega), D(q_1, q_2, \omega))\) can be approximated in the ultraweak operator topology by operators of the form \(T_{\varphi}\), where \(\varphi \in C_c(G)\), then \(G\) is said to satisfy property \(P_{q_1, q_2, \omega}^{p_1, p_2, \omega}\). One of the main results of this paper is the following theorem: Let \(G\) be a locally compact abelian group. If \(1 < p'_i, q_i < \infty\), \(\frac{1}{p_i} + \frac{1}{q'_i} = \frac{1}{r_i} + 1\) and \(\frac{1}{p_i} + \frac{1}{q'_i} \geq 1\) \((i =1,2)\), then \(G\) satisfies property \(P_{q_1, q_2, \omega}^{p_1, p_2, \omega}\) if and only if the kernel of \(B\) is \(K\) and the space \(D(p_1, p_2, \omega) \bigotimes_{L_{\omega}^1} S(q'_1, q'_2, \omega^{-1} )\) is isometrically isomorphic to the space \(\Lambda_S^D(G)\). A corollary to this theorem (assuming the hypothesis of the theorem) is that if \(G\) satisfies property \(P_{q_1, q_2, \omega}^{p_1, p_2, \omega}\), then we have the identification \[ \Hom_{L_\omega^1} (D(p_1, p_2, \omega), D(q_1, q_2, \omega)) \cong \Lambda_S^D(G)^{\ast}. \] In the last section of the paper multipliers from \(L_\omega^1(G)\) to \(\Lambda_S^D(G)\) are studied. The main result of this section is the following theorem: Let \(G\) be a locally compact abelian group. The space \(\Hom_{L_\omega^1} ( L_\omega^1 (G), \Lambda_S^D(G))\) is isometrically isomorphic to the space \(\Lambda_S^D(G).\)