Short character sums with Beatty sequences (Q2471521)

In this paper exponential sums of the form \[ S_p(\alpha, \beta, \chi;N) = \sum_{n\leq N} \chi(\lfloor\alpha n+\beta\rfloor), \] where \(\alpha\) is irrational, and \(\chi\) is a nontrivial multiplicative character modulo a prime number \(p\) is studied. If \(D_{\alpha,\beta}(N)\) denote the discrepancy of the sequence of fractional parts \(\{\,\{\alpha n+\beta\}\,: n = 1, \dots, N\}\) and \(p^{1/3+\varepsilon}\leq N\leq p^{1/2+\varepsilon}\), \(0<\varepsilon<1/20\) then the authors proved that there exists an absolute constant \(c > 0\) such that \[ |S_p(\alpha, \beta, \chi;N)|\ll Np^{-c\varepsilon^2}+ND_{\alpha,\beta}(N)\,. \] This bound imply that among the first \(N\) elements of the Beatty sequence \(\{\lfloor\alpha n+\beta\rfloor \,: n = 1, 2, 3, . . . \}\) there are \(N/2 + o(N)\) quadratic non-residues modulo \(p\). In the case that \(\alpha\) is not Liouville (which includes all algebraic irrationals and almost all real numbers), this result yield explicit bound on the error term. The results of this paper complement those of [\textit{W. D. Banks} and \textit{I. E. Shparlinski}, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 73, No. 3, 433--443 (2006; Zbl 1144.11064)] and improve and extend several previous results due to M. Z. Garaev and S. N. Preobrazhenskiĭ.