On some inequalities of probabilistic number theory (Q2471630)

Let \(Q_k\) be a set of positive rational numbers, \(f:Q_+\rightarrow G\) be an additive function of rational argument taking values in some Abelian group \(G\), \(x>1\), \[ \begin{aligned} \mathcal{F}_x&= \{m/n,m<n\leqslant x,(m,n)=1\},\\ \nu_x(A)&= \#\{A\cap \mathcal{F}_x\}/\#\mathcal{F}_x \;\text{ for } A\subset Q_+.\end{aligned} \] Let, in addition, two systems of independent random variables \(\xi_p^{(1)}\) and \(\xi_p^{(2)}\) (\(p\) is a prime number) be associated with additive function \(f\) for which \[ \begin{aligned} \mathbb{P}\left(\xi_p^{(1)}=a\right) &=\sum_{\substack{ a\in\mathbb{Z}\\ f(p^{\max(\alpha,0)})=a}} \frac1{p^{| \alpha| }}\left(1-\frac2{p+1}\right),\\ \mathbb{P}\left(\xi_p^{(2)}=a\right)&= \sum_{\substack{ a\in\mathbb{Z}\\ f(p^{\min(\alpha,0)})=a}} \frac1{p^{| \alpha| }}\left(1-\frac2{p+1}\right).\end{aligned} \] In the paper the author proves that \[ \nu_x\left(f\left(\frac{m}{n}\right)\notin X+X-X\right)\ll\mathbb{P}\biggl(\sum_{p\leqslant x}\xi_p^{(1)}\notin X^{(1)}\biggr)+ \mathbb{P}\biggl(\sum_{p\leqslant x}\xi_p^{(2)}\notin X^{(2)}\biggr), \] where \(X^{(1)},X^{(2)}\subset G,\;X=X^{(1)}+X^{(2)}\) and the constant in the sign \(\ll\) independent of \(X^{(1)},X^{(2)}\) and \(f\). The obtained inequality is an analogue of the well-known \textit{I. Z. Ruzsa}'s inequality for additive arithmetical functions [J. Number Theory 18, 27--33 (1984; Zbl 0524.10042)].