Tabloids and weighted sums of characters of certain modules of the symmetric groups (Q2472842)

If \(W\) is a finite reflection group, then some \(\mathbb Z\)-graded \(W\)-modules \(R=\bigoplus_{d}R^{d}\) display ``coincidence of dimensions'', i.e. \(\bigoplus_{i\in\mathbb Z}R^{il+k}=\bigoplus_{i\in\mathbb Z}R^{il+k'}\) for all \(k\) and \(k'\). \textit{H. Morita} and \textit{T. Nakajima} [J. Alg. Combin. 24, 45--60 (2006; Zbl 1093.05069)] (denoted [MN]) proved coincidence of dimensions for the Springer modules \(R_{\mu}\), which are \(S_{m}\)-modules parametrized by partitions \(\mu\) of \(m\), by explicitly calculating the (nonnegative integer) values of the Green polynomials corresponding to \(\mu\) at \(l\)-th roots of unity. The motivation for the paper under review is (1) to describe the nonnegative values of the Green polynomials as numbers of some combinatorial objects; (2) to interpret these objects in terms of the modules \(\text{Ind}_{H_{\mu}(l)}^{S_{m}}Z_{\mu}(k;l)\) of [MN]. For this purpose, the author introduces the \(S_{m}\)-modules \(M^{\pmb\mu}\) and their quotient modules \(M^{\pmb\mu}(k;\mathbf l)\) for some \(n\)-tuple \(\pmb\mu\) of Young diagrams and \({\mathbf l}=(l_{h})\) an \(n\)-tuple of positive integers. When \(n=1\), the module \(M^{(\mu)}(k;(l))\) is a realization of \(\text{Ind}_{H_{\mu}(l)}^{S_{m}} Z_{\mu}(k;l)\) of [MN] (Remark 2.2). He also introduces combinatorial objects called marked \((\rho,\mathbf l)\)-tableaux to describe weighted sums of characters of \(M^{\pmb\mu}(k;\mathbf l)\) (Theorem 3.1). When \(n=1\), the number of marked \((\rho,(l))\)-tableaux coincides with the right-hand side of the explicit formula (3.1) of Green polynomials in [MN] (Remark 2.8). Let \(\mathbf m=(m_{h}), \mathbf l=(l_{h})\) be \(n\)-tuples of positive integers, \(m=\sum_{h}m_{h}, l=lcm\{l_{h}\}\), \(\zeta_{k}\) a primitive \(k\)-th root of unity, \(\pmb \mu=(\mu^{(h)})\) an \(n\)-tuple of Young diagrams which is an \(\mathbf l\)-partition of \(\mathbf m\), i.e. for each \(h\) the multiplicity in \(\mu^{(h)}\) of any positive integer is divisible by \(l_{h}\). A tabloid on an \(\mathbf l\)-partition \(\pmb\mu\) is an \(n\)-tuple \((\{T^{(h)}\})\) of tabloids \(\{T^{(h)}\}\) on \(\mu^{(h)}\). The set of all such tabloids is denoted \(\mathbb T_{\pmb \mu}\), \(M^{\pmb\mu}=\mathbb C\mathbb T_{\pmb \mu}\) and \(M^{\pmb\mu}(k;\mathbf l)\) is a quotient of \(M^{\pmb\mu}\) for \(k\in\mathbb Z/l\mathbb Z\). Given a Young diagram \(\rho\vdash m\), a \((\rho,\mathbf l)\)-tableau is a certain map \(Y:\pmb\mu\rightarrow\mathbb N\). If \(\pmb\gamma=(\gamma_{h})\) is an \(n\)-tuple of positive integers such that \(l_{h}\) is divisible by \(\gamma_{h}\), we also define a \((\rho,\pmb\gamma,{\mathbf l})\)-tableau. Both these types can be represented by filled diagrams, and there are corresponding marked tableaux obtained by placing an \(\ast\) in certain boxes. The main result is Theorem 3.1, which asserts: For an integer \(j\), let \(\pmb\mu\) be an \(\mathbf l\)-partition and \(\pmb\gamma\) an \(n\)-tuple of integers such that \(\gamma_{h}\) is the order of \(\zeta_{l_{h}}^{j}\). For \(\sigma\in S_{m}\) of cycle type \(\rho\), \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb Z/l\mathbb Z}\zeta_{l}^{jk}\text{Char}(M^{\pmb\mu}(k;\mathbf l))(\sigma)\) is the number of marked \((\rho,\pmb\gamma)\)-tableaux on \(\pmb\mu\). Theorem 3.2 is an equivalent result parametrizing the tabloids of a certain type by marked \((\rho_{\sigma},\pmb\gamma,\mathbf l)\)-tableaux on \(\pmb\mu\), where \(\rho_{\sigma}\) is the cycle type of \(\sigma\). Theorem 3.2 is proved by giving an explicit parametrization using the correspondence \(\phi\) in Definition 4.3. It is first proved for the special element \(\sigma_{\rho}\) (Lemma 4.7) and then generalized to all elements of cycle type \(\rho\) (Theorem 4.8). In general, the exposition is detailed and clear, and several definitions and results are illustrated with examples.