Density of hyperbolicity in dimension one (Q2473618)

The authors investigate one of the central problems in dynamical systems -- density of hyperbolicity in \(C^k\) topology -- which is the second part of Smale's eleventh problem for the 21st century. The main result of the paper is: Any real polynomial can be approximated by hyperbolic real polynomials of the same degree. Here the authors say that a real polynomial is hyperbolic or Axiom A, if the real line is the union of a repelling hyperbolic set, the basin of hyperbolic attracting periodic points and the basin of infinity. The working tool in proving the main theorem is the existence of the so called box mappings and their properties.