Adjoint line bundles and syzygies of projective varieties (Q2474538)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective variety (reduced and irreducible). A line bundle \(L\) on \(X\) is said to verify property \(N_0\) if \(L\) embeds \(X\) into \(P(H^0(X,L)^*)\) as a projectively normal variety. It verifies property \(N_1\) if verifies property \(N_0\) and, moreover, its defining ideal is generated by quadrics. More generally, for any integer \(p \geq 2\), \(L\) verifies property \(N_p\) if satisfies \(N_0\), \(N_1\) and has linear syzygies up to the \(p\)-th step. For the case of curves the property \(N_p\) is very well understood and it is remarkable the result of Green that, by means of techniques of Koszul cohomology, proved that a line bundle of degree greater that \(2g+p\) on a curve \(C\) (\(g\) stands for the genus of \(C\)) verifies the property \(N_p\). The study of property \(N_p\) for the case of curves seems to show that the natural line bundles to consider in bigger dimension are adjoint bundles, i.e., of the form \(K_X+nL\), where \(K_X\) is the canonical bundle of \(X\) and \(n\) is an integer. Several conjectures on this respect have been established. Let us write the one of Mukai for the case of surfaces. Mukai's conjecture. If \(X\) is a surface and \(L\) is an ample line bundle on \(X\) then for any \(p \geq 0\) the adjoint bundle \(K_X+(4+p)L\) verifies property \(N_p\). Some extensions of this conjecture for bigger dimension or different situations are collected in the introduction of the paper under review. The main theorem of the paper (see Theorem 3.2) deals with the property \(N_p\) for adjoint bundles of regular surfaces and leads to a proof of Mukai's conjecture on this particular setup. To be concrete the result of 3.2 is the following: if \(X\) is a regular surface (i.e., \(h^1(X,{\mathcal O}_X)=0\)) and \(L\) is an ample line bundle on \(X\) such that \(K_X+L\) verifies property \(N_0\) then \(K_X+L\) has property \(N_p\) if \(-K_XL \geq p+3+K_X^2-2p_a\), where \(p_a\) is the arithmetic genus of \(X\). As a consequence of it, see Corollary 3.7, for a regular anticanonical (in fact rational) surface and for any \(p \geq 0\), \(K_X+(4+p)L\) has property \(N_p\), that is, Mukai's conjecture holds. In fact, this appears as a corollary of a more general result, established in Theorem 3.6. Moreover, explicit calculations for the regularity of ideal sheaves of embeddings of regular surfaces by adjoint bundles are presented, see Theorem 4.1.