Hankel operators on harmonic Bergman spaces (Q2474737)

For \(1\leq p < \infty\) and a bounded domain \(\Omega\) in \(\mathbb R^n\) with \(C^{\infty}\)-boundary, \(n\geq 2\), the author considers the spaces \(b^p(\Omega)\) consisting of complex-valued harmonic functions on \(\Omega\) considered as subspaces of \(L^p(\Omega)\). If \(u \in b^p\), then \[ \|u\|_p = \left( \int_{\Omega} |u|^p \, dV \right )^{\frac{1}{p}}. \] When \(p=2\), then \(b^p\) is a Hilbert space and for each \(x \in \Omega\), the evaluation at \(x\) is a bounded linear fuctional on \(b^p(\Omega)\) and there exists a unique reproducing kernel function \(R(x,\cdot) \in b^2\). For \(1\leq p < \infty\), the operator \(Q\) defined by \[ Q[f](x) = \int_{\Omega} f(y) R(x,y)\, dy \] is a bounded operator from \(L^p(\Omega)\) into \(b^p(\Omega)\). When \(p=2\), then \(Q\) is the orthogonal projection onto \(b^2\). For each \(f \in L^1\) and \(u \in b^{\infty}\), \(M_f\) denotes the operator of multiplication by \(f\), and the Hankel operator \(H_f\) is densely defined on \(b^p\) by \[ H_fu = (I-Q)M_f u. \] The main results of this paper concern necessary and sufficient conditions for \(H_f\) to be a bounded or compact operator on both \(b^p\) and its dual space \(b^{p^{\prime}}\). Specifically, if \(2\leq p < \infty\) and \(f \in L^p(\Omega)\), the operator \(H_f\) is bounded on both \(b^p\) and \(b^{p^{\prime}}\) if and only if \(f\) is in \(BMO^p\), the class of functions of bounded mean oscillation. Similarly, \(H_f\) is a compact operator on both \(b^p\) and \(b^{p^{\prime}}\) if and only if \(f\) is in \(VMO^p\), the class of functions of vanishing mean oscillation. These results extend to bounded smooth domains in \(\mathbb R^n\) results previously known on the unit ball.