Simplicity of Lyapunov spectra: a sufficient criterion (Q2474789)

Let \({\widehat f}:{\widehat {\Sigma }}\rightarrow {\widehat {\Sigma }}\), \({\widehat {\Sigma }}={\mathbb N}^Z \), be a measurable map and \({\widehat A}:{\widehat {\Sigma }}\rightarrow \text{GL}(d,{\mathbb C})\) a measurable function. These data define a linear cocycle \({\widehat F}_A :{\widehat {\Sigma }}\times {\mathbb C}^d \rightarrow {\widehat {\Sigma }}\times {\mathbb C}^d \), \({\widehat F}_A ({\widehat x},v)=({\widehat f}({\widehat x}), {\widehat A}({\widehat x})v)\). \({\widehat F}^n_A (x,v)=({\widehat f}^n ({\widehat x}))\), where \({\widehat A}^n ({\widehat x})={\widehat A}({\widehat f}^{n-1} ({\widehat x}))\dots {\widehat A}({\widehat f}({\widehat x}))A({\widehat x})\). Let \({\widehat \mu }\) be a \({\widehat f}\)-invariant probability measure on \({\widehat {\Sigma }}\), relative to which the logarithms of the norms of \(\widehat A\) and its inverse are integrable. There exist numbers (Lyapunov exponents) \(\lambda_1 ({\widehat x})>\lambda_2 ({\widehat x})>\dots \lambda_k ({\widehat x})\) and decomposition \({\mathbb C}^d =E^1_{\widehat x} \oplus E^2_{\widehat x} \oplus \dots \oplus E^k_{\widehat x}\) into vector subspaces such that \({\widehat A}({\widehat x})E^i_{\widehat x} =E^i_{{\widehat f}({\widehat x})}\) and \(\lambda_i ({\widehat x})=\lim {| n| \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} \log \| {\widehat A}^n ({\widehat x})v\|, \quad v\in E^i_{\widehat x},\;i=1,\dots,k, v\neq 0\). \(\dim E^i_{\widehat x} \) is called the multiplicity of \(\lambda_i ({\widehat x})\). The main result of the paper: If \({\widehat A}:{\widehat {\Sigma }}\rightarrow \text{GL}(d,{\mathbb C})\) is simple for \(\widehat f\), then all the Lyapunov exponents of the cocycle \({\widehat F}_A\) for the measure \({\widehat {\mu}}\) have multiplicity 1.