The phase space of coupled Painlevé III system in dimension four (Q2475047)

The author presents a system of four first order nonlinear differential equations which is called a coupled Painlevé III system, and then he studies the system from various points of view such as symmetries, confluence from another system, and its phase space. The system is a Hamiltonian one \[ x'=H_y,\quad y'=-H_x,\quad z'=H_w,\quad w'=-H_z('=d/dt) \] ith the Hamiltonian function \[ H=H(x,y,z,w,t;\alpha_0,\quad \alpha_1,\beta_0)= H_{\text{III}}(x,y,t;\alpha_0,\alpha_1)+H_{\text{III}}(z,w,t;\beta_0,\alpha_1)+2xyzw/t, \] where \(H_{\text{III}}\) is the Hamiltonian function for the Painlevé III system. Note that \(2xyzw/t\) is a coupling term. The author first gives a Bäcklund transformation group generated by 5 involutions. He also notes that the system has a polynomial first integral. He next shows that the system is obtained from Noumi-Yamada's system of type \(A^{(1)}_5\) by a confluence process, where \(A^{(1)}_5\) denotes an affine Weyl group. Finally, he constructs the phase space of the system which is a fiber space over the space \(B=C-\{0\}\). The phase space is obtained by gluing 16 copies \(U_i\times B\), \(i=0,1,\dots,15\) of \(C^4\times B\) via some birational symplectic transformations. The Hamiltonian function on each \(\text{chart}\,U_i \times B\ni(x_i,y_i,z_i,w_i,t)\) is a polynomial in \(x_i,y_i,z_i, w_i\). Being different from the case of Painlevé systems, each 4 dimensional fiber is a union of the the original space \(U_0=C^4\), codimension 1 and codimension 2 complex affine spaces. Therefore, one has to make not only blowing-up but also blowing-down.