On the zero-set of real polynomials in non-separable Banach spaces (Q2475480)

Let \(\mathcal{C}_{H}\) be the class of real Banach spaces \(X\) so that there is a one-to-one continuous linear map from \(X\) into a Hilbert space. The subclass of \(\mathcal{C}_{H}\) composed by the Banach spaces \(X\) so that there is a one-to-one continuous linear map from \(X\) into a separable Hilbert space is denoted by \(\mathcal{W}^{\ast}.\) In the paper under review, the author investigates the zero-set of real polynomials; the main goal is to find conditions under which the zero-set of a polynomial will contain ``big enough'' linear subspaces. The classes \(\mathcal{C}_{H}\) and \(\mathcal{W}^{\ast}\) play a fundamental role in the paper. Let \(\mathcal{P}(^{n}X)\) represent the class of all continuous real-valued \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials on \(X\) and \(\mathcal{P}_{w}(^{n}X)\) be the subset of \(\mathcal{P}(^{n}X)\) formed by the polynomials that are weakly continuous on the bounded subsets of \(X\). The paper contains several characterizations of the class \(\mathcal{W}^{\ast}\) and, among various other results, the author proves: Theorem. If \(X\) is an infinite-dimensional real Banach space, then either \(X\) admits a positive definite nuclear polynomial of degree \(2\) or, for every positive integer \(n\), the zero-set of every \(P\in\mathcal{P}_{w}(^{n}X)\) contains a closed linear subspace of \(X\) whose dual is not weak\(^{\ast}\)-separable. This result extends a theorem from \textit{R. M. Aron, C. Boyd, R. A. Ryan} and \textit{I. Zalduendo} [Positivity 7, No.~4, 285--295 (2003; Zbl 1044.46036)]. Theorem. If \(P:X\rightarrow Y\) is a polynomial (not necessarily homogeneous) which is weakly continuous on the bounded subsets of \(X\) and \(X\notin\mathcal{W} ^{\ast}\), then there is a closed linear subspace \(Z\) in \(X\) such that \(Z\notin\mathcal{W}^{\ast}\) and \(P\mid_{Z}=P(0)\). The author also presents similar results by replacing polynomials which are weakly continuous on the bounded sets by mappings which are weak-to-norm continuous on the bounded sets. The last section of the paper is dedicated to results related to the following conjecture: ``For a real Banach space \(X\), either \(X\in\mathcal{C}_{H}\), or, for every \(P\in\mathcal{P}(^{2}X)\), \(P^{-1}(0)\) contains a non-separable linear subspace.''