On the necessity of property \((\alpha)\) for some vector-valued multiplier theorems (Q2475564)

A set of operators on a Banach space \(Y\) is \textit{\(R\)-bounded} if there is a constant \(C\) such that for every finite subset \(\{T_j\}\) and \(f_j\in Y\), the average of \(\| \sum\varepsilon_jT_j(f_j)\| \) over all choices of signs \(\epsilon_j\in\{+1,-1\}\) is bounded by \(C\) times the average of \(\| \sum\varepsilon_jf_j\| \). The following two properties for a Banach space \(X\) appear in the proof of the \(R\)-boundedness of various sets of operators: UMD and \textit{Pisiers's property \((\alpha)\)}, telling that there is a constant \(C\) such that for every \(N\), every matrix \((x_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\) with entries in \(X\) and every matrix \((\alpha_{jk})_{1\leq j,k\leq N}\) with entries in \(\{+1,-1\}\), the average of \(\| \sum\sum\varepsilon_j\eta_k\alpha_{jk}x_{jk}\| \) over all choices of signs \(\epsilon_j,\eta_k\in\{+1,-1\}\) is bounded by \(C\) times the average of \(\| \sum\sum\varepsilon_j\eta_kx_{jk}\| \). In particular, if \(X\) has UMD and \((\alpha)\), then (1) every set of Littlewood-Paley Fourier multipliers by uniformly bounded sequences on \(L^p(X)\) is \(R\)-bounded, as is (2) the set \(\{(-\Delta)^{\text{ i}s}\}_{0<s<\gamma}\) of imaginary powers of the Laplace operator for any given \(\gamma\). The necessity of property UMD even in the case of individual operators has been established in case (1) by \textit{J. Bourgain} [Ark.\ Mat.\ 21, 163--168 (1983; Zbl 0533.46008)] and in case (2) by \textit{S. Guerre-Delabrière} [Ill. J.\ Math.\ 35, No. 3, 401--407 (1991; Zbl 0703.47024)]. This article proves that property \((\alpha)\) is also necessary, in case (2) by an approach inspired by Sylvie Guerre-Delabrière's and in case (1) by combining the operator-valued Littlewood-Paley theorem of the second-named author [Math.\ Ann.\ 319, 735--758 (2001; Zbl 0989.47025)] with a counterexample of \textit{G. Lancien} [Arch.\ Math.\ 71, 388--398 (1998; Zbl 0944.47011)].