Integration of locally exponential Lie algebras of vector fields (Q2475605)

A classical theorem by R.S. Palais ensures that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) of smooth vector fields on a finite-dimensional smooth manifold \(M\) which can be generated by complete vector fields arises as the Lie algebra \(L(G)\) of a global Lie group \(G\) acting smoothly and effectively (faithfully) on \(M\) [see \textit{R. S. Palais}, Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 22 (1957; Zbl 0178.26502)]. The article under review generalizes R. S. Palais' integrability theorem to situations where \(M\), \({\mathfrak g}\) and \(G\) may be infinite-dimensional. Recall that a locally convex Lie group \(G\) (i.e., a Lie group modelled on a locally convex space) is called locally exponential if it has a smooth exponential map \(\exp_G: L(G)\to G\) which is a local diffeomorphism at \(0\). A locally convex topological Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) is called locally exponential if some balanced open \(0\)-neighbourhood \(U\) in \({\mathfrak g}\) can be given an associative smooth local multiplication \(*\) with neutral element \(0\) such that \(\frac{1}{2}[x,y]\) is the second order term in the Taylor expansion of \(*\) around \((0,0)\) and \(tx*sx=(t+s)x\) for all \(x\in U\) and real numbers \(t\) and \(s\) with \(| s| \), \(| t| \), \(| s+t| \leq 1\). Finally, a smooth vector field \(X\) on a locally convex manifold \(M\) is called complete if there exists a homomorphism \(\gamma\colon {\mathbb R}\to \text{Diff}(M)\) which is smooth in the sense that the map \({\mathbb R}\times M\to M\), \((t,p)\mapsto (\gamma(t)(p),\gamma(t)^{-1}(p))\) is smooth, and satisfies \(\frac{d}{dt}| _{t=0}\gamma(t)(p)=X(p)\). In this case, we set \(\exp(X):=\gamma(1)\in \text{ Diff}(M)\). The authors obtain the following general result (Theorem 1.1): Let \({\mathfrak g}\) be a locally exponential Lie algebra, with centre \({\mathfrak z}({\mathfrak g})\). Let \(M\) be a smooth locally convex manifold and \(\alpha\colon {\mathfrak g}\to {\mathcal V}(M)\) be an injective morphism of Lie algebras to the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields, such that: (1) Each vector field \(\alpha(x)\) is complete; (2) the map \({\mathfrak g}\times M\to M\), \((x,p)\mapsto \exp(\alpha(x))(p)\) is smooth; and (3) the subgroup \(\{x\in {\mathfrak z}({\mathfrak g})\colon \exp(\alpha(x))=\text{ id}_M\}\) of \({\mathfrak z}({\mathfrak g})\) is discrete. Then there exists a connected locally exponential Lie group~\(G\) with Lie algebra \(L(G)={\mathfrak g}\) and an effective smooth \(G\)-action on \(M\) with derived action~\(\alpha\). The authors strengthen this result further if \(M\) is finite-dimensional, \(\sigma\)-compact and has finitely many connected components. Then conditions (2) and (3) are automatically satisfied provided that \(\alpha\) is continuous with respect to the smooth compact-open topology on \({\mathcal V}(M)\) (Proposition 5.2 and Theorem 5.7). Previously, infinite-dimensional generalizations of Palais' Integrability Theorem were only available for finite-codimensional closed Lie subalgebras of the diffeomorphism group of a compact smooth manifold [see \textit{J. A. Leslie}, J. Differ. Geom. 2, 279--297 (1968; Zbl 0169.53201)], and for certain Banach-Lie algebras (cf. [\textit{V. Pestov}, J. Lie Theory 5, 173--178 (1995; Zbl 0848.22025)] and works by H. Omori).