Deformations of Lie algebras of vector fields arising from families of schemes (Q2476129)

The goal of the present paper is to construct examples of global deformations of vector field Lie algebras in a conceptual way. \textit{A. Fialowski} and \textit{M. Schlichenmaier} [Commun. Contemp. Math. 5, No. 6, 921--945 (2003; Zbl 1052.17011)] constructed global deformations of the infinitesimally and formally rigid Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields on the circle and of its central extension, the Virasoro algebra. They obtain nontrivial deformations from an affine family of certain singular curves by first deforming it into a projective family with marked points and then extracting the points. In the attempt to produce deformations of vector field Lie algebras from deformations of the underlying pointed algebraic variety in a general framework, the author is lead to a notion of \textit{global deformation} which is different from the one used by Fialowski and Schlichenmaier, called deformations of \textit{product type}, one which is closer to deformations in algebraic geometry. The first main issue of the article is to compare these two kinds of deformations. The author prove that the general global deformations includes the deformations of product type. The author then investigates the relation between moduli spaces of pointed curves and the deformations of the Lie algebra of vector fields on such curves imposed by deformations of the curve. For this the author shows that the deformation space carries the structure of a \(\mathbb C\)-stack. The link between the moduli stack \(\mathcal M_{g,n}\) and the deformation stack \(\mathcal D\)ef is a morphism of stacks \(I\). It realizes a family of marked projective curves as a deformation of the Lie algebra of regular vector fields on the affine curve obtained from extracting the points, by extracting the divisor associated to the union of the marked points, and then taking the Lie algebra of sections of the relative tangent bundle of the family. The author proves that \(I\) is almost a monomorphism. This comes from Pursell-Shanks theory, describing the underlying manifold by its Lie algebra of tangent vector fields. The author generalize this theory to a relative (affine) setting, i.e. he prove that over \(\mathbb C\), \(\text{Der}_A(B)\cong\text{Der}_A(B^\prime)\) implies an \(A\)-isomorphism \(B\cong B^\prime.\) The article discusses algebraic deformations of Lie algebras in a good manner, introducing new ideas by (algebraic) Pursell-Shanks theory which is of great value. This leads to nice properties of the mapping \(I\) above in various situations. The stack of deformations is described in a very nice way as target of I from points in \(\mathcal M_{g,n}\). Finally, the author look at deformations of Lie algebras arising from families of singular plane curves, and he give some explicit examples of the theory. The article is explicit, self contained and of great value in the field of deformations of Lie algebras.