Semi-divisible triangular norms (Q2476650)

Let \(\odot\) be a left-continuous t-norm, \(\rightarrow\) the corresponding residuum, and \(n\) the corresponding residual negation; then \(\odot\) is called semi-divisible [\textit{E. Turunen} and \textit{J. Mertanen}, Soft Comput. 12, No.~4, 353--357 (2008; Zbl 1138.06006)] if \((a \rightarrow b) \rightarrow b = (b \rightarrow a) \rightarrow a\) holds for all \(a, b \in \text{Ran}(n)\). Several structural properties of semi-divisible t-norms are shown in this paper. For instance, a left-continuous t-norm \(\odot\) such that \(n\) is surjective, is semi-divisible if and only if \(\odot\) is nilpotent. Furthermore, the ordinal sum of a family of left-continuous t-norms is semi-divisible if and only if the linear order in which the t-norms are positioned has a bottom element and the corresponding t-norm is semi-divisible. Numerous illustrating examples, positive as well as negative ones, are provided in the text.