Characterizations of generalized Nevai's class at the boundary points of contracted zeros (Q2477865)

The paper is devoted to the study of the ratio asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a measure \(\mu\) belonging to the generalized Nevai class. It completes the well-known results which are obtained outside the contracted zero interval, extending the results to the boundary points of the contracted zeros. There are many results on the asymptotic properties of the contracted orthogonal polynomials by the coefficients of the three term recurrence relation for generalized Nevai's class. One of the well-known characterizations is the following: Let \(a>0, b \in \mathbb{R}\) and \(\varphi\) be a regularly varying function. If \(\Delta_{\varphi}(d \mu)\) is the contracted zero interval of the sequence of orthogonal polynomials \(\{P_n(x)\}_{n=0}^{\infty}\) then \[ \begin{aligned} \mu \in M_{\varphi}(a,b) \;(\text{Nevai class relative to}\; \varphi)\;\; \text{if and only if for every}\;\; z \in \mathbb{C}\backslash \Delta_{\varphi}(d \mu)\\ \lim_{n\rightarrow {\infty}}\frac{P_{n-1}(\varphi(n)z)}{P_{n}(\varphi(n)z)}=\frac{a}{z-b+\sqrt{(z-b)^2-a^2}}\;\,\text{where}\,\;\sqrt{(z-b)^2-a^2}>0,\;\, \text{for}\;\, | z- b | >a. \end{aligned} \] In this paper the author proves that the preceding result can be extended to the points \(b\pm a\): Let \(a>0, b \in \mathbb{R}\) and let \(\varphi\) be a regularly varying function. If \(P_{n+1}((b+a)\varphi_n)P_{n-1}((b+a)\varphi_n)>0\) and \(P_{n+1}((b-a)\varphi_n)P_{n-1}((b-a)\varphi_n)>0\) for all \(n \geq 1\) then: \[ \mu \in M_{\varphi}(a,b) \;\; \text{if and only if for every }\;\; z \in \{b\pm a\}\cup \mathbb{C}\backslash \Delta_{\varphi}(d \mu) \] \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow {\infty}}\frac{P_{n-1}(\varphi(n)z)}{P_{n}(\varphi(n)z)}= \begin{cases} 1& z=b+a, \\ -1 & z=b-a,\\ \frac{a}{z-b+\sqrt{(z-b)^2-a^2}}, & \text{otherwise}, \end{cases} \] where \(\sqrt{(z-b)^2-a^2}>0\) for \(| z- b | >a.\) Finally, some examples concerning the Laguerre polynomials, the Meixner-Pollaczek and the Freud polynomials are presented.