Branch curves for Campedelli double planes (Q2477941)

A degree ten plane curve with five \([3,3]\) points and an ordinary 4-ple point, such that the six singularities do not lie on a conic, is called a Godeaux branch curve. A degree ten plane curve with six \([3,3]\) points, which again do not lie on a conic, is called a Campedelli branch curve. A Godeaux or Campedelli branch curve \(C\) can be broken down into its irreducible components \(C_{m_1}\), \(C_{m_2}\), \(\dots\), where \(m_i\) denotes the degree of \(C_{m_i}\) and \(m_1+m_2+\cdots=10\). The sequence of integers \((m_1,m_2,\dots)\), \(m_i \leq m_j\) if \(i \leq j\), that we can call a \textit{configuration} of \(C\), is associated with the divisor \(C=C_{m_1}+C_{m_2}+\cdots\) of the plane. In the paper under review, the author determines all the possible configurations of the above branch curves that are invariant under the plane involution \((x,y,z) \mapsto (x,-y,z)\), starting from an idea put forward by the reviewer [Ann. Univ. Ferrara, Nuova Ser., Sez. VII, 43, 1--26 (1997; Zbl 0927.14017)]. To be more precise, in the case of Godeaux branch curves, there are nine configurations and they are associated with the following nine divisors: (1) \(C_4+C_6\) (2) \(C_2+D_2+C_6\) (3) \(C_1+C_4+C_5\) (4) \(C_1+D_1+C_8\) (5) \(C_1+D_1+C_4+D_4\) (6) \(C_2+C_8\) (7) \(C_2+C_4+D_4\) (8) \(C_3+D_3+C_4\) (9) \(C_2+D_2+C_3+D_3\). In the case of Campedelli branch curves, the configurations are given by (1) \(C_2+C_4+D_4\) (2) \(C_1+D_1+C_4+D_4\) (3) \(C_2+D_2+C_6\) (4) \(C_2+D_2+C_3+D_3\) (5) \(C_2+D_2+E_2+C_4\). In the case of Godeaux branch curves, the configurations given in (1),(6) and (9) are known, while the others yield new configurations. In the case of Campedelli branch curves, there are no new configurations, only new constructions of divisors. Moreover, the torsion group of the numerical Godeaux surfaces, which are defined by the nine Godeaux branch curves, is computed, whereas only the subgroup of torsion divisors of order \(2\) is computed in the case of the numerical Campedelli surfaces defined by the five Campedelli branch curves. Reviewer's remark. Using an idea drawn from the reviewer, the author tacitly assumes that the \([3,3]\) points lying on the line of symmetry \(y=0\) (of the involution \((x,y,z) \mapsto (x,-y,z)\)) have the tangent singular line that is ``orthogonal'' (in the affine sense) to \(y=0\).