On the Diophantine equation \(y^x-x^y=z^2\) (Q2478016)

In 2000, \textit{F. Luca} and \textit{M. Mignotte} proved in [Rocky Mt. J. Math. 30, No. 2, 651--661 (2000; Zbl 1014.11024)] that the Diophantine equation \(y^x-x^y=z^2\) with \(\min\{x,y\}>1\), \(z>0\) and \(xy\) even, has the only solution \((x,y,z)=(2,3,1)\), but they were unable to solve the case \(xy\) odd. In the present paper, the author shows that there are no solutions for \(xy\) odd. The two main tools of the proof are: a classical upper bound on the class-number of imaginary quadratic fields and the deep Bilu-Hanrot-Voutier theorem on primitive divisors of Lucas sequences.