Further characterizations of Sobolev spaces (Q2478611)

Summary: Let \((F_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\) be a sequence of non-decreasing functions from \([0,+\infty)\) into \([0,+\infty)\). Under some suitable hypotheses on \((F_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}\), we prove that if \(g\in L^p(\mathbb R^N)\), \(1<p<+\infty\), satisfies \[ \liminf_{n\to\infty}\int_{\mathbb R^N} \int_{\mathbb R^N}\;\frac{F_n(|g(x)-g(y)|)}{|x-y|^{N+p}}\;dx\,dy < +\infty, \] then \(g\in W^{1,p}(\mathbb R^N)\) and, moreover, \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}\int_{\mathbb R^N}\int_{\mathbb R^N}\;\frac{F_n(|g(x)-g(y)|)}{|x-y|^{N+p}}\;dx\,dy = K_{N,p}\int_{\mathbb R^N} |\nabla g(x)|^p\, dx, \] where \(K_{N,p}\) is a positive constant depending only on \(N\) and \(p\). This extends some results in \textit{J. Bourgain} and \textit{H.-M. Nguyen} [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 343, No.~2, 75--80 (2006; Zbl 1109.46034)] and \textit{H.-M. Nguyen} [Some new characterizations of Sobolev spaces, J. Funct. Anal. 237, No.~2, 689--720 (2006; Zbl 1109.46040)]. We also present some partial results concerning the case \(p=1\) and various open problems.