On fourth-order nonlinear differential equations with the Painlevé property (Q2480406)

The author studies some properties of solutions of the equations \[ w^{(4)} =18 w w''+9(w')^2-24 w^3+\alpha w^2+\alpha^2 w/9+\lambda z+\gamma \tag{1} \] and \[ w^{(4)} =-5w'w''+5w^2 w''+5w(w')^2-w^5+(\lambda z+\alpha)w+\gamma, \tag{2} \] where \(w=w(z) \) and \(\lambda\neq 0\). Equations (1) and (2) with special values of the parameters are obtained as self-similar reductions of the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon and Kaup-Kupershmidt equations, respectively, and can be treated as higher-order analogs of the Painlevé equations. The author studies formal solutions to equations (1), (2) in the form \[ w(z)=\frac{1}{(z-z_0)^p}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} c_k(z-z_0)^k \tag{3} \] in a neighborhood of a movable pole \(z=z_0\). By using the theory of Briot-Bouquet systems concerning the existence of holomorphic solutions of systems of differential equations with singular initial conditions, the convergence of formal series (3) is shown in the domain \(0<| z-z_0| <\rho,\;\rho>0.\) The author rewrites equations (1), (2) in the form of Hamiltonian systems (with polynomial Hamiltonian) and shows that for meromorphic solutions of these equations the Hamiltonians are meromorphic functions. For equation (2) Bäcklund transformations are obtained and special solutions are studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of rational solutions of (2) are given.