Measurable translations and Rosenthal sets (Q2484122)

If \(G\) is an abelian compact group, a Rosenthal set \(\Lambda\) is a subset of the dual group \(\hat G\) such that every bounded measurable function \(f\colon G\to {\mathbb C}\) with spectrum in \(\Lambda\) is equal almost everywhere to a continuous function: in short \(L^\infty_\Lambda(G)= {\mathcal C}_\Lambda(G)\). \textit{F. Lust-Piquard} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A 282, 833--835 (1976; Zbl 0324.43007)] (see also the same author [Sémin. Géom. des Espaces de Banach, Ec. Polytech. 1977--1978, Exposé No. 26, 9 p. (1978; Zbl 0386.46020)]) showed that \(\Lambda\) is a Rosenthal set if and only if \(L^\infty_\Lambda\) has the Radon-Nikodym property, and if and only if \({\mathcal C}_\Lambda\) has the Radon-Nikodym property. When \(G\) is metrizable, this happens if and only if \(L^\infty_\Lambda\) is separable. In this interesting paper (where it is assumed that \(G\) is metrizable), the author investigates the case where the functions take their values in a complex Banach space \(X\). Moreover, he considers the \textit{relative vectorial Rosenthal property}, defined for \(\Lambda_1\subseteq \Lambda\) by the equality \[ L^\infty_\Lambda(G, X)/ L^\infty_{\Lambda_1} (G,X) = {\mathcal C}_\Lambda(G,X)/ {\mathcal C}_{\Lambda_1}(G,X)\eqno (1) \] (this later quotient being always isometric to a closed subspace of the former). His first main result says that \((1)\) happens whenever \(L^\infty_\Lambda(G, X)/ L^\infty_{\Lambda_1} (G,X)\) is separable; in particular, if \(L^\infty_\Lambda(G, X)\) is separable, then \(L^\infty_\Lambda(G, X)= {\mathcal C}_\Lambda(G,X)\). The author shows that for \(X=c_0\), this happens only if \(\Lambda\) is finite; but if \(X\) is a separable Banach space which does not contain \(c_0\), this happens for all Sidon sets. Other examples are given. Next, the author shows that \((1)\) happens when \({\mathcal C}_\Lambda(G,X)/ {\mathcal C}_{\Lambda_1}(G,X)\) has the Radon-Nikodym property. The proof uses Michael's selection theorem. Lastly, he studies when the product of two Rosenthal sets is itself a Rosenthal set for the product group. For that, he first shows that a function \(f\in L^\infty(G,X)\) is almost everywhere equal to a continuous function if and only if the translation map \(s\mapsto \langle f_s, \xi\rangle\) is continuous for every continuous linear form \(\xi\in L^\infty(G,X)^\ast\) (this generalizes a result of \textit{M. Talagrand} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 32, No.~1, 32--39 (1982; Zbl 0452.28004)] involving a result of Fremlin). This allows him to prove a result of \textit{F. Watbled} [Arch. Math. 66, No.~6, 479--489 (1996; Zbl 0854.43007)] saying that \(L^\infty_\Lambda ({\mathbb T},\ell_1) = {\mathcal C}_\Lambda({\mathbb T}, \ell_1)\) for every Rosenthal set \(\Lambda\). He also shows that \(L^\infty_\Lambda ({\mathbb T},\ell_2) = {\mathcal C}_\Lambda({\mathbb T}, \ell_2)\) when \(\Lambda - \Lambda\) is a Rosenthal set.