Isometries between spaces of homogeneous polynomials (Q2484248)

Let \(E\) and \(F\) be Banach spaces, let \(\mathcal{P}_f(^nE)\) denote the subspace of the space \(\mathcal{P}(^nE)\) of continuous \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials generated by \(\{\varphi^n \mid \varphi \in E^\prime\},\) and let \(\mathcal{P}_A(^nE)\) denote the approximable polynomials, namely those that are in the closure of \(\mathcal{P}_f(^nE).\) The authors' interest is in classes of \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials, which are Banach spaces \((\mathcal{P}_C({^nE}), \| \cdot\| _C)_n\) that are subspaces of \((\mathcal{P}(^nE))_n.\) The authors define an isomorphism \(T:\mathcal{P}_C({^nE}) \to \mathcal{P}_C({^nF})\) to be (1) power-preserving if for all \(\varphi \in E^\prime,\) there is \(\psi \in F^\prime\) such that \(T(\varphi^n) = \pm \psi^n,\) and to be (2) canonical if there is an isomorphism \(s:E^\prime \to F^\prime\) such that \(T(P) = \pm \overline{P}\circ s^\prime \circ J_F\) for all \(P \in \mathcal{P}_C(^nE).\) (Here, \(J_F:F \to F^{\prime\prime}\) is the canonical inclusion and, for each \(P, ~\overline{P} \in \mathcal{P}(^nE^{\prime\prime})\) is the canonical extension [\textit{A. M. Davie} and \textit{T. W. Gamelin}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 106, 351--356 (1989; Zbl 0683.46037) and \textit{P. Berner} and the reviewer, Bull. Math. Soc. Fr. 106, 3--24 (1978; Zbl 0378.46043)].) The authors show that these notions are equivalent to each other for approximable polynomials and, moreover, they are equivalent to the property that there is an isomorphism \(S: {\mathcal P}_A({^{2n}}E) \to {\mathcal P}_A({^{2n}}F)\) such that \(S(PQ) = T(P)T(Q)\) for all \(P, Q \in {\mathcal P}_A({^{n}}E).\) However, their main interest is in the relation between isomorphisms \(T:{\mathcal P}_A({^{n}}E) \to {\mathcal P}_A({^{n}}F) \) and isomorphisms between \(E^\prime\) and \(F^\prime.\) In the case of real Banach spaces, they prove that if \(T\) is such an isometric isomorphism, then there is an isometric isomorphism \(s:E^\prime \to F^\prime\) such that \[ T(P) = \pm \overline{P}\circ s^\prime\circ J_F \tag{\(*\)} \] for all \(P \in {\mathcal P}_A({^{n}}E).\) The situation for complex spaces is more complicated: Let \(\mathcal{E}_n(X) :\equiv \{ \varphi \in X^\prime ~| ~ \varphi^n\) is an extreme point of the closed unit ball of the space \({\mathcal{P}}_I(^nX)\) of \(n\)-homogeneous integral polynomials on \(X \}.\) It is supposed that \(E\) and \(F\) are complex Banach spaces, with \(\overline{\mathcal{E}_n(F^{\prime\prime})}^{w^\ast} = \overline{\mathcal{E}_{2n}(F^{\prime\prime})}^{w^\ast}.\) If \(T:{\mathcal P}_A(^nE) \to {\mathcal P}_A(^nF)\) is an isometric isomorphism, then there is an isometric isomorphism \(s:E^\prime \to F^\prime\) such that \((*)\) holds.