Invariant manifolds of dynamical systems close to a rotation: Transverse to the rotation axis (Q2484528)

The authors study families of vector fields \(X_\varepsilon\) defined in some neighborhood of the origin by differential equations of the form \[ X_\varepsilon:\;\begin{cases} x_1^\prime = - \beta x_2 + \varepsilon(a_{11}x_1 + a_{12}x_2 + a_{13}\cdot z) + \varepsilon O(| x_1, x_2, z)| ^2) + O(\varepsilon^2), \\ x_2^\prime = \beta x_1 + \varepsilon(a_{21}x_1 + a_{22}x_2 + a_{23}\cdot z) + \varepsilon O(| x_1, x_2, z)| ^2) + O(\varepsilon^2), \\ z^\prime = \varepsilon(a_{31}\cdot x_1 + a_{32}\cdot x_2 + a_{33}\cdot z) + \varepsilon O(| x_1, x_2, z)| ^2) + O(\varepsilon^2), \\ \end{cases} \tag{1} \] where \((x_1, x_2) \in \mathbb{R}^2\), \(z \in \mathbb{R}^n\) and \(\varepsilon \geq 0\) is a real parameter. Let \(X_\varepsilon : U \subset \mathbb{R}^{2+n} \to \mathbb{R}^{2+n}\), \(0 \in U\), be a family of \(C^\infty\) vector fields of the form presented above such that \(X_\varepsilon (0)=0\). Let \(k\) be a given positive integer and let \({\mathcal M}_s\) be the stable manifold of \[ Y^0:\;\begin{cases} r^\prime = C_1(r, z)\\ z^\prime = C_3(r, z) \\ \end{cases}. \] Supposing \(\beta \not=0\), \(a_{11}+a_{22} <0\), all eigenvalues of \(a_{33}\) having positive real parts and \(h : B(0, R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^n\) being defined by \(h(x) = h^s(| x| )\), where \({\mathcal M}^s_{\text{loc}} = \text{graph\,}h^s\), the authors prove that if the stable manifold of (1) is represented locally as \(W_{X_\varepsilon, \text{loc}}^s = \text{graph\,} \varphi_\varepsilon\), then there exists \(\varepsilon_0 >0\) such that \(\varphi_\varepsilon\) is defined on \(B(0, R)\), for all \(\varepsilon \in (0, \varepsilon_0)\). They also obtain that \(\varphi_\varepsilon\) and all its derivatives up to order \(k\) converge uniformly on \(B(0, R)\) as \(\varepsilon \searrow 0\) and that \(h\) is rotationally symmetric. Furthermore, the authors study the limit behavior of the global stable manifold.