Abelian integrals and period functions for quasihomogeneous Hamiltonian vector fields (Q2484653)

Consider the planar polynomial vector field \[ \dot x=H_y(x,y)+\varepsilon f(x,y),\quad \dot y=-H_x(x,y)+\varepsilon g(x,y), \] where \(H\) is a quasi-homogeneous polynomial, \(f\) and \(g\) are polynomials of degree \(s\), and \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. Recall that \(H\) is called quasi-homogeneous of degree \(\ell\) if \(H(\rho^\alpha x,\rho^\beta y)=\rho^\ell H(x,y)\) for some \(\alpha, \beta\) and \(\ell\) and any \(\rho>0.\) The authors study how many limit cycles bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the unperturbed system when \(\varepsilon\) is small enough. This number of limit cycles is given in terms of \(\alpha, \beta\) and \(s,\) by studying the maximum number of isolated zeros of the Abelian integral \[ I(h)=\int_{H=h} g(x,y)\,dx- f(x,y)\,dy. \] In this case, the function \(I(h)\) is a polynomial in \(h^{1/\ell}.\) They also prove that the period function of the unperturbed system is constant when \(H\) is a homogeneous quadratic polynomial and monotone otherwise.